Drainage oil detection difficulties: lack of testing standards

Editor's note: In March of last year, Professor He Dongping of Wuhan Polytechnic University, “The country has 2 million tons to 3 million tons of waste oil returning tables every year” remarks provoked waves of public opinion. In recent days, the Ministry of Public Security undertook public security organs in Zhejiang, Shandong and Henan to crack down on a case of production and sales of waste cooking oil, which once again pushed waste oil to the tip of public opinion. At this point, the rumors of draining oil flowing to the dining table have also been confirmed. In fact, the flow of cooking oil to the dining table has long been an open secret.

The black industry chain such as fishing, smelting, reselling, deep processing, wholesale, and retail emerged. The case is startling and the exposed problems of edible oil regulatory mechanisms are even more embarrassing. The harm of "drainage oil" needless to say, but even more frightening is that nowadays, after the technical treatment of "drainage oil", its appearance and quality more and more like the regular manufacturers of salad oil, can be described as real to the point of confusion. "Irrigation oil" testing in the country lacks both mature technology and lacks perfect testing standards.

“We encountered many difficulties in the detection of this case and exposed the lack of regulatory oversight in the manufacture and sale of food oil in China.” Ding Shihui, deputy chief of the Public Security Department of Zhejiang Provincial Public Security Department responsible for the detection of the case, introduced the fishing and smelting trenches. Oil is sold to industrial companies for recycling. This is in line with environmental protection and energy conservation policies. There are no crimes, but some unscrupulous people are greedy for profits and sell cooking oil to manufacturers who may manufacture cooking oil.

Behind this case, it also reflects the three major problems that exist in China's waste oil supervision mechanism.

Edible oil testing standards are not perfect

One is the lack of standards. From the aspect of appearance and color, it is difficult to distinguish edible oil refined with cooking oil from normal edible oil. At present, the state does not have a clear standard for identifying what is waste oil. If only according to the existing edible oil standards, it will even lead to the absurd result that the waste oil meets the standard.

Relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Public Security stated that due to the imperfect detection standards for edible oil, it was impossible to find out in a timely manner the problem of using illegal cooking oil to refine cooking oil. It is understood that whether the inspection of edible oils is qualified and safe is based on the "Hygiene Standard for Edible Vegetable Oils" that was implemented on October 1, 2005. However, this standard is usually used to determine whether the company's normal production of edible oil is qualified, and did not take into account the extremely harsh "production" method of "drift oil" in advance, therefore, the existing national standard can not be used to determine whether the oil belongs to the trench oil.

The second is poor supervision. In the case of the trench oil detected by the police, we did not see the relevant departments in fishing, smelting, reselling, deep processing, wholesale, retail, etc.... As a result, there were many links in the crime of waste oil. Often become a regulatory blind spot.

The third is poor export. As long as there is food and kitchen waste, there will be waste oil, and waste oil could have been used as raw material for the production of biodiesel and other chemicals. However, why did Green Company venture to produce waste cooking oil? "Because we produce biodiesel that can't be sold at all. The domestic gas stations are in the hands of PetroChina and Sinopec; if they don't, our products will have no outlets," Liu said.

Experts in the industry have stated that gradually spreading experience in pilot areas and establishing a mechanism for the collection and disposal of restaurant-kitchen garbage that are coordinated and fully covered by various departments, and at the same time improving the edible oil testing standards as soon as possible, it is only possible to effectively eliminate waste oil flow back to the table from the source and market terminals. Break the black industry chain.

Beijing Establishes Trench Oil Detection Index System

Recently, after the Beijing Food Safety Monitoring Center screened more than 80 technical inspection items that may be involved in the production of waste oil, it found four types of effective indicators for the detection of waste oil, and initially established an index system for the detection of waste oil. The Ministry of Public Security seized a number of suspicious “edible oil” samples from Zhejiang, Shandong and other places, which are being sent to the Beijing Food Safety Monitoring Center for testing.

The four types of monitoring indicators of the Beijing Food Safety Monitoring Center are:

The first indicator: polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are aromatic compounds containing multiple benzene rings that are generated after cooking oil is heated, such as frying, roasting, frying, frying, etc., and are persistent organic pollutants. Most PAHs have been listed as carcinogens by the International Cancer Research Center. .

The second indicator: cholesterol. Edible vegetable oils generally do not contain cholesterol or are extremely low in content. The technicians may infer whether the waste oil contains animal-derived components and infers whether it is waste oil.

The third indicator: conductivity. Normal grease is almost non-conductive, but the various polar substances produced after the rancidity of the grease can make the grease conductive.

The fourth indicator: specific gene composition. Drain oils often contain animal fats. Inspectors identify animal genes in fats and oils based on molecular biological genetic identification methods to determine whether edible oils contain animal-derived ingredients.

Enterprises are waiting to issue national standards

Searching for keywords on the Internet using "oil detection", the reporter found a biotechnology company registered in Fudan Science Park. According to reports, a rapid test kit developed on the principle of "thin-layer chromatography" can be used to identify waste oil. On a set of comparative graphs, a thin trail chromatographic silica plate that had been exposed to suspected trench oil showed a noticeable trailing spot. However, the company’s head, Gao Chenjun, frankly stated that the “spot trail” can only be used for preliminary screening of oil samples. To further “disease diagnosis”, follow-up analysis of laboratory instruments is required. At present, related instruments are being further optimized.

Gao Chenxi told reporters that several years ago, the company started the research and development of waste oil testing technology, but the market has been dull, and people have been ignoring it. Recently, as the waste oil incident continues to heat up, customers have come to inquire, but unfortunately there is no mature product in the country. Right now, the company is actively recruiting suspected waste oil samples from the society and providing free testing to continuously improve the accuracy of the kit.

“We hope that the government will introduce the testing standards for waste oil as soon as possible to clarify the specific markers in order to guide the development of the system for instrument identification,” Gao said.

Drain oil is in fact waste oil, which can be used to produce biodiesel. It can also become the main component of organic feed and organic fertilizer, and it can be turned into waste. How to scientifically treat “oil waste” is a major problem facing every major city in the world. In dealing with the "illnesses" of this city, some countries have explored a relatively successful path after decades of exploration and some of their practices are worthy of our country's reference.

Japan: Waste oil transformed into feed and fuel

Japan's treatment of waste oil has focused on turning waste into treasure, combined with a low-carbon society, and accumulated a lot of valuable experience.

Waste oil cannot be drained as early as 2001. Japan began implementing the "Food Waste Recycling Law." This law stipulates that catering industries such as supermarkets and restaurants are obligated to recycle food waste and try to curb the generation of waste.

In Japan where food wastes are strictly classified and can not be discarded for free, restaurant operators or ordinary residents must separately store the used cooking oil and send it to the waste oil collection point. After leaving the table, the waste oil is first finished in the restaurant or at home.

In order to encourage the operators of small and medium-sized restaurants and even ordinary families to actively provide waste cooking oil, in recent years, many governments in Japan have increased the number of waste oil collection points, led by the government.

The recycling of waste cooking oil by professional companies for the recycling of large-scale catering companies, food processing plants and school canteens is mainly done by a professional recycling company. The cost of professional company's home recycling is about 500 yen (about 35 yuan).

Enterprises engaged in the recovery of such waste oils in Japan must have permits issued by the local government for the "intermediate waste disposal industry" and "industrial waste collection and transportation industry" licenses, and comply with the Japan Food Recycling Law "recycling business registration certification." The relevant provisions of the provisions.

Exemption from the use of biofuels For Japan, which is concerned about energy shortages and environmental concerns, waste oils that have been recycled are sent to soap, feed, paint manufacturing companies, and waste oil resource companies in accordance with different uses after removing impurities. .

Among the various recycling methods, the most striking one is the processing of waste cooking oil into biofuels. Currently, biofuels are commonly used in garbage trucks and buses in various cities in Japan. The price of biofuels in Japan is slightly lower than that of regular gasoline, and 100% of vehicles using biofuels can avoid paying the gasoline transaction tax.

The United States to create waste oil "circular economy"

U.S. catering industry uses more than 1.1 billion liters of vegetable oil each year. If the definition of "drainage oil" is oil recovered from the sewer, then the United States should have no such thing. The reason is very simple. U.S. society believes that waste oils are harmful to the environment and sewage pipelines as they enter sewers, so they should be classified as much as possible.

Unsatisfactory hygiene will be rectified. The recovery of kitchen waste oil mainly takes two steps. Kitchen waste grinders are installed below the sinks in restaurants and home kitchens. In the first step, people need to make initial screenings. First, the less greasy foods such as crumbs and leaves are broken directly through the machine and discharged from the sewer. In the second step, those with high oil content cannot be placed in the food. The pulverizers need to be specially collected, dumped into a dedicated trash can and wait for special companies to collect them. These companies must obtain operating licenses issued by the Ministry of Health and Environmental Protection and have professional transportation, recycling and processing equipment.

In this way, there is not much oil that enters the trenches, and it is labor-intensive to collect oil from the trench and process it. In the United States, labor costs are expensive.

In the United States food distribution management system, even if there is a sale of cooking oil, there is no attraction to the hotel. In food processing in the United States, oil accounts for only a small part of the total cost. However, the administration of the competent authorities is very strict and does not require customers to have problems. It will be punished because raw materials or unsatisfactory processing conditions will be punished. In the United States, it is not uncommon for Chinese restaurants to be rectified because of unsatisfactory kitchen hygiene, which ultimately leads to owners having to sell hotels.

The “Waste Turning to Treasure” Market is Huge The U.S. restaurant industry uses mainly vegetable oils, and waste vegetable oils can be transformed into low-carbon clean energy after being processed. It is estimated that 1.2 million U.S. restaurants and other food service providers in the United States used more than 1.1 billion liters of vegetable oil in total last year, so the market potential for turning waste oil into valuable waste is enormous.

United Kingdom: Waste Oil Helps "Green Industry"

The United Kingdom produces about 225,000 tons of waste cooking oil each year. The whereabouts of these waste oils are very transparent. They are mainly used in the green fuel and green power generation industries, and the phenomenon of refining them into “drainage oils” and then flowing back into the food chain does not exist.

Most residential areas have waste oil collection tanks. Most residential areas in the UK have a large collection tank of blue waste oil. This is specifically for recycling household waste oil. Residents of nearby communities can use their own waste. The oil was collected in glass bottles and poured into the bucket. The barrel can store 1,000 liters of oil. Above the oil drum, a filter is installed to facilitate residents to filter food residues.

At present, there are three methods for the treatment of waste oil in the catering industry in the United Kingdom: the waste oil is poured into government-issued containers; the government-accredited company collects the waste oil. Regardless of the quantity, it is not allowed to pour the kitchen waste oil, grease and fat into the sink, otherwise it will be subject to high fines.

Can be used as a substitute for fossil fuels. At present, after the collection of waste oil in the UK through legal collectors, there are usually two things. First, biodiesel is converted into esters by transesterification. This diesel is non-toxic, clean, renewable, and The characteristics of degradation can be used directly as vehicle fuel, but also can be mixed with ordinary diesel fuel; the second is used as fuel for power generation. Some approved power plants with special equipment can use the collected waste cooking oil to generate electricity. Both of these treatments have turned them into alternatives to fossil fuels to help the government achieve its emission reduction targets in line with the climate change and renewable energy policies set by the British central government. In addition, some waste oils can also be used to refine chemicals in oils and fats.

Germany: There are "identification cards" for every barrel of drowning

Each barrel of drowning in Germany has an “identity card”, which is strictly recorded from output, recycling, and utilization. Any problems in one of the links can be quickly identified.

In the 1970s, once there was a flood of oil in Germany, there was also a case of oil running in Germany in the 1970s. The unscrupulous traders secretly sold the waste oil to the restaurant and used it twice. Since then, the German government has introduced laws for the recovery of drowning water in a timely manner, and has conducted follow-up inspections. The effect is obvious.

German restaurants must sign a "drug recycling contract" with the government. The company specified in detail which company to collect, when to recycle, and who will process it after recycling.

Recovery rate of waste oil 100%

At the same time, before you open a restaurant, you must purchase oil-water separation equipment. This treatment plant is designed according to the strictest European grease separation standards. The separated oil was uniformly recovered by the government-approved companies. Many of these companies are listed companies and they are large in scale.

In addition to biodiesel, many companies have also extracted special components from waste oil recovered for the production of chemicals and organic fertilizers. Germany's consumption of waste oil has reached 100%.

Netherlands: Refined waste oil into aircraft fuel

According to EU requirements, airlines must reduce carbon dioxide emissions by 3% by the end of the year. For this reason, the use of biofuels is on the agenda.

KLM Royal Dutch Airlines announced that starting in September this year, they will use the "renewable flying fuel" extracted from kitchen waste oil on a plane flying from Amsterdam to Paris. The company said that the technology they have mastered will be able to deoxidize the waste oil first, and after a series of organic chemical reactions, it will be refined into “renewable flying fuel”. “We feel that the remaining oil from cooking is a sustainable raw material, but the recycling rate is still very low,” said Krone Mejer, a company manager of Royal Dutch Airlines. Now, this company is responsible for producing a new type of aviation fuel, and the raw material of this new fuel is the edible oil that people have used.

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