Pesticides are the most regulated industries in the chemical industry, and they are also relatively low-grade industries. The problems in the pesticide industry are obvious to all, such as low industrial concentration, low product levels, and environmental protection requirements. There have been many national regulations and plans for pesticides, such as the "Pesticide Management Regulations" and "Pesticide Industry Policy," and the "12th Five-Year Development Plan for Pesticide Industry" has recently been issued. These national-level systems and plans point the finger to the pesticide industry's malaise, but the key to realizing their role lies in how well they are implemented and implemented.
At present, the pesticide industry in China is very large. According to the data from the National Bureau of Statistics, China's pesticide production in 2011 was 2.64 million tons. Based on this figure, it is sufficient to supply global demand for pesticides. In 2011, there were 2,400 pesticide companies in China, which more than doubled from 20 years ago. However, the pesticide industry as a whole is large but not strong, and the total number of top ten companies in the country’s sales revenue is still less than that of a large foreign company.
"Big" will bring a series of problems. The output of pesticides in China has greatly exceeded domestic demand. According to the statistics of the Ministry of Agriculture, the demand for pesticides in 2011 was 312,600 tons, accounting for only 11.8% of the output of the year. The repeated construction of enterprises and the homogenization of products are also very serious. Although the pesticide industry controls a lot, the entry barrier is low and the investment is low. Therefore, in 2012, many companies were newly established, such as glyphosate and acetochlor, and the same process and production were repeated. The same product, poor business efficiency. As of November 2011, the number of loss-making enterprises accounted for 10.5% of the number of statistical enterprises.
"Big" will also bring serious environmental pollution. The production of pesticides and pharmaceuticals is a very complicated chemical reaction process, which will produce a large amount of “three wastesâ€, especially the wastewater treatment is very difficult. In recent years, pesticide companies have moved from developed regions along the river and coastal areas to less developed provinces inland, and environmental pollution has actually shifted. In China, about 1.4 million tons of pesticides are used every year, but the utilization rate is only about 30%, and the rest goes into water, soil, and air. Excessive pesticide output is exported to foreign countries, making the pesticide industry one of the typical “exports and pollution†industries.
The status quo facing the pesticide industry requires that the industry must be upgraded. This requires the state and the company to make a difference. The new “Pesticide Management Regulations†is being revised, and there are some areas that can be modified at the system design level: The management departments of the pesticide industry should be minimized; the licenses of pesticides should be allowed to be transferred reasonably; the production license of pesticides should be transferred from the approval system to the filing system. To strengthen intellectual property protection.
In the implementation of the "Pesticide Industry Policy," it should open the part of the declaration documents for enterprise access, listen to the opinions of the industry associations, extend the publicity period or increase the public's knowledge, and designate the media to publish the declaration materials of the pesticide companies. Let the public judge whether it is appropriate to establish a pesticide plant in a certain area. This can give full consideration to the scientific layout of new pesticide companies.
In the implementation of the 12th Five-year Development Plan for the Pesticide Industry, there are four areas that need attention. First, the "Plan" proposes to encourage mergers and reorganizations to allow advantageous enterprises to become bigger and stronger. Before the introduction of the new "Pesticide Management Regulations," it should boldly break the bottleneck of the original system and accelerate the pace of mergers and restructuring. At the same time, the state should introduce the rules for the merger and reorganization of enterprises as soon as possible to increase the convenience and effectiveness of the operation of the enterprise. Support the merger of pharmaceutical companies and pharmaceutical companies, but also support large-scale pharmaceutical companies to reverse control of the original drug companies, and extend the industrial chain.
Second, the "Plan" proposes to strictly control the new pesticide plant. During the implementation, the new drug companies should all be located in chemical parks or chemical agglomerations. This will not only help to increase the degree of industrial concentration, but also help improve the safety and environmental protection level of production. Last year, there were 17 newly approved pesticide companies in the country, and 94.1% of them were enterprises enrolled in the park; of the 8 companies newly approved this year, the current admission rate is 87.5%.
Third, in balancing environmental pressures, the industrial authorities should strengthen communication and coordination with environmental protection agencies, raise environmental protection requirements and standards in underdeveloped regions, and encourage industrial upgrades on the ground, rather than low-level industrial transfer or even pollution transfer.
Fourth, in adjusting the fiscal and taxation policies, it is possible to discuss the introduction of environmental protection taxes and implement a differentiated export tax rebate rate. At present, the export tax rebate rate for pesticide formulations is 5%, and the original drug export tax rebate rate is 9%, which does not meet the direction of encouraging the export of pharmaceutical preparations.
At present, among the existing industrial models of pesticides in China, there are several types of pesticides that adhere to traditional pesticides, combine with basic chemicals, combine with medicines, and combine with other high value-added chemical products. From the point of view of operating performance, the profit rate of companies combined with medicine is obviously higher than other models, and the prospects are good.
Therefore, from the enterprise level, if pesticide companies want to seek breakthrough, they should first implement the spirit of national planning, improve industrial concentration, improve the upstream and downstream industrial chain, and accelerate the network layout of the domestic market. For example, Nuopoxin has acquired a number of upstream and downstream companies over the past few years, forming a full-scale industrial chain of original drug-formulation-service end-users, and it has become one of the companies that are currently sticking to traditional pesticides and have good returns. Second, it can implement industry expansion and provide high value-added products. In this respect, Xinan's experience is worth learning from. The company has gradually extended to the silicone and downstream industries to avoid the risk of pesticide industry development.
Regardless of the model chosen, it is indispensable to strengthen the innovation capability of enterprises. This is a relatively undeveloped part of the pesticide industry as a whole. Strong companies should establish their own laboratories or R&D centers. Countries should support the construction of innovation alliances and support powerful companies to build laboratories.
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