Recently, scientists from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign developed a bio-bots consisting of living muscle cells and a 3D printing frame, a special In that it sees (or senses light) - and is able to move toward where the light shines.
According to the scientists, light-activated circular muscle actuators, which respond to light stimuli and produce up to 0.56 kilopascals, are incorporated into the skeleton of a 3D printed biomechanical machine that can drive the latter directionality Motion and spin steering, providing a template for the future development of dynamic biological machines that respond in real time to environmental signals.
The study, led by Rashid Bashir, head of bioengineering at the University of Illinois, has been published in the recently published Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
"Light just controls these machines in a non-intrusive way." Bashir said: "This gives us flexibility in design and robotic movement. The minimum goal we have to accomplish is the forward design of the biological system , We think light control is a big step toward that goal. "
Prior to this, Bashir's team had demonstrated that electric robots could be activated by electric fields, but Bashir said the electric has unpleasant side effects on the biological environment and that robots can not be controlled by selective stimulation of different areas of the muscle. And this new light stimulation technology causes less damage, and researchers can control the biological robot to move in different directions. The biological robot will turn toward the direction of light stimulation, Bashir said.
The researchers first developed a muscle loop based on the mouse muscle cell line, which adds a gene that causes a wavelength of blue light to stimulate muscle contraction, a process known as optogenetics technology. The muscle ring is wrapped around a 3D printed flexible frame that ranges in length from 7 mm to 2 cm.
"These skeletal rings are shaped like rings or rubber bands by our engineers because we want them to be modular," said Ritu Raman, a graduate student in the paper, lead author. "This means we can use them as building blocks and, in combination with the 3D printing skeleton, we can make biological robots for a variety of applications."
In addition to the modular design, the thin, muscular ring also allows light and nutrients to easily diffuse into all aspects of the tissue. This is the opposite of the design of early biological robots, which often used thick, muscular tissue around the bones.
Researchers have tried various sizes and shapes of skeletons to find the most appropriate exercise configuration. In addition, they exercise the muscle rings daily, using the flash to trigger the muscles and make them stronger so that each contraction of them will move the robot further.
"This is a very flexible design," Bashir said. "With these rings, we can connect any two joints or hinges on the 3D print skeleton. We can have multiple legs and multiple rings. Using light, We can control where they move, and people can now use it to build more advanced robot systems. "
The micro-robot has a muscular ring that surrounds a soft 3D print skeleton
According to Skywatch, the study is actually part of the Emerging Behaviors of Integrated Cellular Systems (EBICS) project funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF). In the fall of 2015, EBICS received a total of up to $ 25 million in NSF funding for its five-year research grant, enabling Bashir and his colleagues to continue developing applications of biobot technology in diagnostics, medicine, remote sensing and more .
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