The impact of small base stations on the backhaul network
In recent years, the popularity of smart phones, the large-scale deployment of 3G networks, and the global deployment of LTE commercial networks have led to an explosive growth of mobile broadband data services, with a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 66% over the next five years. Continue to grow and bring a lot of revenue to operators. At the same time, the demand for user experience based on mobile data services poses two major challenges to traditional mobile networks, namely the high throughput demand of dense user groups in hotspots and the blind spot coverage of edge networks.
In order to resolve these challenges, a hierarchical network based on the HetNet concept has become a trend in mobile network construction. According to Infonetics' latest research on this trend, by 2016, the proportion of network traffic handled by the macro station will decrease from the current 90% to 58%, and the proportion of traffic carried by small base stations (including indoor small base stations and outdoor small base stations) It will reach 24%. In addition, Infonetics predicts that by 2016, global shipments of small base stations will exceed 3 million units. We can foresee that in the next 3-5 years, the number of small base stations in the mobile network will grow spurt and become the focus of mobile network investment and construction in the future.
How large-scale deployment of small base stations will affect the construction of backhaul networks? Before answering this question, we must first understand the main features of small cell deployment. The small base station has a small size, has zero site installation conditions, and can adapt to a variety of indoor and outdoor installation environments and high-density deployment, the number of devices may reach 10 times as many as the macro station.
The small base station cooperates with the macro base station to provide mobile users with a consistent network-wide service experience. The small base station can adopt various networking topologies, first to the macro base station, then to the macro base station backhaul equipment, or directly to the existing convergence transmission node equipment of the mobile backhaul or other integrated bearer network.
The characteristics of the small base station and its deployment have brought challenges to its backhaul network solutions. This includes the adaptability of the last mile of diversity transmission resources; the exposure of small base station backhaul equipment to public indoor and outdoor locations will face the challenges of adaptability of the equipment environment, physical security, and business access security; for LTE/LTE-A Comprehensive clock synchronization requirements for services; high scalability and flexibility requirements for network capacity and services; simple and convenient requirements for large-scale network element equipment operation and maintenance; and of course, total cost of ownership (TCO) is also low.
Key technologies and solutions
In view of the challenges brought about by the large-scale deployment of the small cell sites mentioned above, we will analyze them one by one and provide the key technologies and solutions for the construction of small cell backhaul networks.
Rich interface types
Due to the deployment of small base stations, the site will be further extended to users. If comprehensive deployment of fiber-optic transmission resources to small base stations is adopted, it is not realistic from the perspective of municipal construction rights acquisition, cost input and construction period. Therefore, the early returning scheme of the small base station will access or lease the existing various types of transmission line resources, such as optical fiber, copper cable or microwave, to meet the requirements of rapid deployment. From the medium-to-long-term trend of small-cell backhaul network development, urban hotspots will adopt a large-bandwidth backhaul solution based on optical fiber access. Users in rural areas and rural areas will be more dispersed, and the areas will be mainly filled with blindness. More economical access to transmission resources, such as microwave and copper cables.
In summary, the return of the last mile to the small base station can be divided into two scenarios: wired and wireless. Wireless scenarios can use microwave equipment based on E-Band/V-Band/Sub-6G technology. In the wired scenario, a small-cell access gateway device with multiple media access capabilities, such as a small-cell base station router, can be used, and existing terminal access devices of xDSL and FTTx can also be directly used. Therefore, the technical adaptation and diversified interface capabilities of the small base station backhauling the last mile of the network are the key to design selection.
All-round security design
The small base station backhaul equipment and the small base station are usually installed in public indoor and outdoor locations without special protective equipment and measures. Therefore, the environmental adaptability and physical safety of the equipment are required to be high. The flattened network architecture of LTE leads to the disappearance of the RNC service termination point and the loss of the security encapsulation mechanism in the original 3G network architecture. The backhaul network needs to provide the S1 between the LTE base station and the core network device MME/S-GW. Interface traffic security.
Therefore, the small base station backhaul network equipment requires a full range of security design solutions. Its specific requirements are: to meet outdoor high standard protection class IP65; to support -40oC–65oC wide operating temperature range; comprehensive business access security design, such as access control 802.1x, business security isolation VPN, anti-IP counterfeit DHCP nooping , complex flow classification ACL technology.
Clock synchronization based on various transmission media
LTE/LTE-A-based SeNBs will account for more than 90% of the entire SeNB deployment. At the same time, the large-scale deployment of eMBMS (Evolved Multimedia Broadcast/Multicast Service) and CoMP (Coordinated Multiple Points) services in LTE networks is not only required to be small. The base station backhaul device supports clock synchronization capabilities based on any medium and requires simultaneous support of frequency synchronization and time synchronization. Only such a comprehensive high-quality time synchronization solution can ensure the customer experience of various value-added services in the LTE era. It can also be said that supporting 1588v2 full-mode (OC/BT/CT) clock synchronization technology based on various media and networking topologies is a necessary condition for backhaul network design of small base stations.
Highly scalable and flexible device platform
In the LTE network era, more and more mobile operators will be transformed into integrated information service providers, and the mobile broadband network will become an integrated service bearing network. The backhaul network not only carries data services with exponential growth, but also other types of value-added services, such as high-definition mobile video, different levels of corporate private line services, bandwidth or leased line wholesale services, etc., which may be connected through various types of small base stations and macro base stations. Enter the return network. In view of this, the selection and design of the bearer of the small base station must consider the high expansion and flexibility of the equipment capacity and service deployment.
In the various backhaul technologies that implement the last mile of the small base station, the IP/MPLS-based platform has the most advantages in network bandwidth and service deployment scalability and flexibility, and can communicate with existing IP bearer network protocols. , End-to-end service deployment, reliability design, and fault monitoring. In the case of wired resources, a small base station router based on IP/MPLS technology is preferred.
Simple and efficient operation and maintenance platform
The number of backhaul device network elements that the LTE SeNB backhaul network has will be several tens of times that of the original 2G/3G network, and the network traffic model under the LTE network architecture will be transformed into a multipoint-to-multipoint full connection mode. . In addition, the small base station backhaul network needs to be mixed with the existing backhaul network or the FMC integrated service bearer network. This requires that the operation and maintenance management platform of the small base station backhaul network must provide solutions based on these characteristics and have the following features.
Efficient and rapid deployment of large-scale equipment network elements: Service deployment needs to support remote deployment, remote commissioning, and end-to-end monitoring of service link performance; equipment configuration can be based on the typical parameter template of services to simplify configuration and Released in bulk.
Supports flexible adjustment of service links and end-to-end network SLA monitoring capabilities. It adopts a GUI-based visual service deployment solution and provides end-to-end network performance monitoring and analysis capabilities. It improves network operation and maintenance efficiency, and improves network fault early warning capabilities. Network bandwidth pre-planning capabilities.
The unified operation and maintenance of the small-cell backhaul network and the hybrid network with existing bearer networks: The unified network management platform that can manage multiple types of backhaul equipment (such as IP, transmission, and microwave) completes service deployment and distribution of end-to-end networks. This is the key to improving the efficiency of network operation and maintenance, ensuring network quality and customer experience.
CAPEX and OPEX optimization design
In terms of CAPEX expenditure control, operators need to use the best small-cost base station backhaul equipment to control equipment investment. In OPEX, operators' requirements for equipment volume, power consumption, environmental adaptability, and installation and maintenance require suppliers to provide zero site installation, ultra-low power consumption, POE power supply, all-weather environment adaptation, and high-efficiency remote operation and maintenance. s solution.
Huawei Solutions for the Future
As LTE commercial networks gradually enter the stage of deep coverage, more and more operators are planning to build backhaul networks for small cells. Huawei also actively participates in international organizations such as NGMN (Next Generation Mobile Network), IWPC (International Wireless Industry Consortium) and Small Cell Forum (Small Base Station Forum), and participates in discussions on the requirements and solutions for returning small base stations and related standards. A series of activities. Huawei is one of the earliest manufacturers to invest in small base station backhaul technologies.
Based on the in-depth analysis of the needs and challenges of small-cell backhaul network construction and continuous product R&D investment, Huawei has taken the lead in releasing the comprehensive technology and product series for small base station backhaul at the 2013 World Mobile Communications Conference (MWC) in Barcelona. Program. Huawei's small-cell backhaul solution includes the solution of the ATN905 series solution based on IP/MPLS in the scenarios of fiber and copper cable, and the SUBLINK solution based on NLOS microwave and the technology based on E-Band/V-Band in the wireless scenario. A full range of microwave solutions. In terms of network equipment operation and maintenance, based on U2000, a unified visual network management platform, Huawei released a new uTraffic end-to-end network performance monitoring and maintenance solution to further enhance the comprehensive bearer network network quality and operation and maintenance efficiency in the era of mobile broadband and big data. .
With the market structure and brand advantages of integrated bearer and existing macrosite backhaul network, Huawei's small base station backhaul solution has emerged in the network construction of international mainstream operators, with a view to helping operators to seize the market first.
In recent years, the popularity of smart phones, the large-scale deployment of 3G networks, and the global deployment of LTE commercial networks have led to an explosive growth of mobile broadband data services, with a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 66% over the next five years. Continue to grow and bring a lot of revenue to operators. At the same time, the demand for user experience based on mobile data services poses two major challenges to traditional mobile networks, namely the high throughput demand of dense user groups in hotspots and the blind spot coverage of edge networks.
In order to resolve these challenges, a hierarchical network based on the HetNet concept has become a trend in mobile network construction. According to Infonetics' latest research on this trend, by 2016, the proportion of network traffic handled by the macro station will decrease from the current 90% to 58%, and the proportion of traffic carried by small base stations (including indoor small base stations and outdoor small base stations) It will reach 24%. In addition, Infonetics predicts that by 2016, global shipments of small base stations will exceed 3 million units. We can foresee that in the next 3-5 years, the number of small base stations in the mobile network will grow spurt and become the focus of mobile network investment and construction in the future.
How large-scale deployment of small base stations will affect the construction of backhaul networks? Before answering this question, we must first understand the main features of small cell deployment. The small base station has a small size, has zero site installation conditions, and can adapt to a variety of indoor and outdoor installation environments and high-density deployment, the number of devices may reach 10 times as many as the macro station.
The small base station cooperates with the macro base station to provide mobile users with a consistent network-wide service experience. The small base station can adopt various networking topologies, first to the macro base station, then to the macro base station backhaul equipment, or directly to the existing convergence transmission node equipment of the mobile backhaul or other integrated bearer network.
The characteristics of the small base station and its deployment have brought challenges to its backhaul network solutions. This includes the adaptability of the last mile of diversity transmission resources; the exposure of small base station backhaul equipment to public indoor and outdoor locations will face the challenges of adaptability of the equipment environment, physical security, and business access security; for LTE/LTE-A Comprehensive clock synchronization requirements for services; high scalability and flexibility requirements for network capacity and services; simple and convenient requirements for large-scale network element equipment operation and maintenance; and of course, total cost of ownership (TCO) is also low.
Key technologies and solutions
In view of the challenges brought about by the large-scale deployment of the small cell sites mentioned above, we will analyze them one by one and provide the key technologies and solutions for the construction of small cell backhaul networks.
Rich interface types
Due to the deployment of small base stations, the site will be further extended to users. If comprehensive deployment of fiber-optic transmission resources to small base stations is adopted, it is not realistic from the perspective of municipal construction rights acquisition, cost input and construction period. Therefore, the early returning scheme of the small base station will access or lease the existing various types of transmission line resources, such as optical fiber, copper cable or microwave, to meet the requirements of rapid deployment. From the medium-to-long-term trend of small-cell backhaul network development, urban hotspots will adopt a large-bandwidth backhaul solution based on optical fiber access. Users in rural areas and rural areas will be more dispersed, and the areas will be mainly filled with blindness. More economical access to transmission resources, such as microwave and copper cables.
In summary, the return of the last mile to the small base station can be divided into two scenarios: wired and wireless. Wireless scenarios can use microwave equipment based on E-Band/V-Band/Sub-6G technology. In the wired scenario, a small-cell access gateway device with multiple media access capabilities, such as a small-cell base station router, can be used, and existing terminal access devices of xDSL and FTTx can also be directly used. Therefore, the technical adaptation and diversified interface capabilities of the small base station backhauling the last mile of the network are the key to design selection.
All-round security design
The small base station backhaul equipment and the small base station are usually installed in public indoor and outdoor locations without special protective equipment and measures. Therefore, the environmental adaptability and physical safety of the equipment are required to be high. The flattened network architecture of LTE leads to the disappearance of the RNC service termination point and the loss of the security encapsulation mechanism in the original 3G network architecture. The backhaul network needs to provide the S1 between the LTE base station and the core network device MME/S-GW. Interface traffic security.
Therefore, the small base station backhaul network equipment requires a full range of security design solutions. Its specific requirements are: to meet outdoor high standard protection class IP65; to support -40oC–65oC wide operating temperature range; comprehensive business access security design, such as access control 802.1x, business security isolation VPN, anti-IP counterfeit DHCP nooping , complex flow classification ACL technology.
Clock synchronization based on various transmission media
LTE/LTE-A-based SeNBs will account for more than 90% of the entire SeNB deployment. At the same time, the large-scale deployment of eMBMS (Evolved Multimedia Broadcast/Multicast Service) and CoMP (Coordinated Multiple Points) services in LTE networks is not only required to be small. The base station backhaul device supports clock synchronization capabilities based on any medium and requires simultaneous support of frequency synchronization and time synchronization. Only such a comprehensive high-quality time synchronization solution can ensure the customer experience of various value-added services in the LTE era. It can also be said that supporting 1588v2 full-mode (OC/BT/CT) clock synchronization technology based on various media and networking topologies is a necessary condition for backhaul network design of small base stations.
Highly scalable and flexible device platform
In the LTE network era, more and more mobile operators will be transformed into integrated information service providers, and the mobile broadband network will become an integrated service bearing network. The backhaul network not only carries data services with exponential growth, but also other types of value-added services, such as high-definition mobile video, different levels of corporate private line services, bandwidth or leased line wholesale services, etc., which may be connected through various types of small base stations and macro base stations. Enter the return network. In view of this, the selection and design of the bearer of the small base station must consider the high expansion and flexibility of the equipment capacity and service deployment.
In the various backhaul technologies that implement the last mile of the small base station, the IP/MPLS-based platform has the most advantages in network bandwidth and service deployment scalability and flexibility, and can communicate with existing IP bearer network protocols. , End-to-end service deployment, reliability design, and fault monitoring. In the case of wired resources, a small base station router based on IP/MPLS technology is preferred.
Simple and efficient operation and maintenance platform
The number of backhaul device network elements that the LTE SeNB backhaul network has will be several tens of times that of the original 2G/3G network, and the network traffic model under the LTE network architecture will be transformed into a multipoint-to-multipoint full connection mode. . In addition, the small base station backhaul network needs to be mixed with the existing backhaul network or the FMC integrated service bearer network. This requires that the operation and maintenance management platform of the small base station backhaul network must provide solutions based on these characteristics and have the following features.
Efficient and rapid deployment of large-scale equipment network elements: Service deployment needs to support remote deployment, remote commissioning, and end-to-end monitoring of service link performance; equipment configuration can be based on the typical parameter template of services to simplify configuration and Released in bulk.
Supports flexible adjustment of service links and end-to-end network SLA monitoring capabilities. It adopts a GUI-based visual service deployment solution and provides end-to-end network performance monitoring and analysis capabilities. It improves network operation and maintenance efficiency, and improves network fault early warning capabilities. Network bandwidth pre-planning capabilities.
The unified operation and maintenance of the small-cell backhaul network and the hybrid network with existing bearer networks: The unified network management platform that can manage multiple types of backhaul equipment (such as IP, transmission, and microwave) completes service deployment and distribution of end-to-end networks. This is the key to improving the efficiency of network operation and maintenance, ensuring network quality and customer experience.
CAPEX and OPEX optimization design
In terms of CAPEX expenditure control, operators need to use the best small-cost base station backhaul equipment to control equipment investment. In OPEX, operators' requirements for equipment volume, power consumption, environmental adaptability, and installation and maintenance require suppliers to provide zero site installation, ultra-low power consumption, POE power supply, all-weather environment adaptation, and high-efficiency remote operation and maintenance. s solution.
Huawei Solutions for the Future
As LTE commercial networks gradually enter the stage of deep coverage, more and more operators are planning to build backhaul networks for small cells. Huawei also actively participates in international organizations such as NGMN (Next Generation Mobile Network), IWPC (International Wireless Industry Consortium) and Small Cell Forum (Small Base Station Forum), and participates in discussions on the requirements and solutions for returning small base stations and related standards. A series of activities. Huawei is one of the earliest manufacturers to invest in small base station backhaul technologies.
Based on the in-depth analysis of the needs and challenges of small-cell backhaul network construction and continuous product R&D investment, Huawei has taken the lead in releasing the comprehensive technology and product series for small base station backhaul at the 2013 World Mobile Communications Conference (MWC) in Barcelona. Program. Huawei's small-cell backhaul solution includes the solution of the ATN905 series solution based on IP/MPLS in the scenarios of fiber and copper cable, and the SUBLINK solution based on NLOS microwave and the technology based on E-Band/V-Band in the wireless scenario. A full range of microwave solutions. In terms of network equipment operation and maintenance, based on U2000, a unified visual network management platform, Huawei released a new uTraffic end-to-end network performance monitoring and maintenance solution to further enhance the comprehensive bearer network network quality and operation and maintenance efficiency in the era of mobile broadband and big data. .
With the market structure and brand advantages of integrated bearer and existing macrosite backhaul network, Huawei's small base station backhaul solution has emerged in the network construction of international mainstream operators, with a view to helping operators to seize the market first.
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