"Twelfth Five-Year Plan": Seven Major Measures to Promote Agricultural Science and Technology Progress and Development

"Twelfth Five-Year Plan": Seven Major Measures to Promote Agricultural Science and Technology Progress and Development

During the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan” period, the contribution rate of China's agricultural science and technology progress increased from 52% in 2010 to more than 56% in 2015. It is not easy to achieve such achievements. It is beneficial to the Party Central Committee and the State Council to attach great importance to the work of “agriculture, rural areas and farmers” and to agricultural science and technology work. What are the major measures for the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan” of agricultural and rural science and technology? Let's take a look!

Reform and construction of grassroots agricultural technology extension system

During the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period, China vigorously implemented the "Agricultural Technology Promotion Law", increased the implementation of the "one link, two coverage" policy, and achieved new results in the reform and construction of grassroots agricultural technology extension system, and promoted 770 grassroots agricultural technology promotion. The demonstration county construction will basically achieve full coverage.

The institutional team is further improved. At present, there are 79,000 agricultural technology promotion institutions in the country, including 76,000 county and townships; there are 580,000 agricultural technicians, 87% of agricultural technicians have secondary education or above; and the “special post plan” for agricultural technology promotion is steadily advanced. In 2014, the country recruited 11,000 special agricultural technicians.

The institutional mechanism has been further improved. Two-thirds of the township-level agricultural technology promotion institutions are mainly managed by the county, which realizes the unification of management and management; the working mechanism of “experts of agricultural technicians and technicians” and the service mode of “Baocun joint households” in the country Generally implemented.

The investment guarantee is further enhanced. 94% of the country's agricultural technology promotion institutions have been fully funded by public institutions; the central government has invested 2.6 billion yuan in agricultural technology promotion subsidies each year, and local governments have also invested about 10 billion yuan to support agricultural technology promotion work in recent years. The central government has invested 5.8 billion yuan in construction funds. Support township agricultural technology extension institutions to strengthen conditions.

Service levels have further improved. The national grassroots agricultural technology promotion system promoted 278,000 new varieties and 181,000 new technologies, carried out 580,000 technical trainings and trained 350 million people.

Key Laboratory Construction of the Ministry of Agriculture

Since the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan", the key laboratories of the Ministry of Agriculture have become the first batch of construction priorities of the "National Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Capability Construction Plan (2012-2016)". In the past three years, the central government has invested 1.38 billion yuan, and 28 have been launched. The conditional capacity building of the subject group has achieved remarkable results.

Innovated a number of basic frontier achievements. For example, Huang Sanwen research team led the international cucumber genome research, deep resequencing of 115 cucumber lines, and constructed a genome-wide genetic variation map containing more than 3.6 million sites. Science published in the form of a cover long paper. The research results of cucumber bitterness biosynthesis and regulation reveal the path of cucumber bitter genes.

The veterinary drug and veterinary biotechnology subject group, Chen Hualan team systematically studied the evolution of avian influenza virus, cross-species infection and molecular mechanism of pathogenicity, contributed to the scientific understanding of avian influenza virus, and provided for the prevention and control of avian influenza. The scientific basis.

It has overcome a number of key technologies common to the industry. For example, the subject group of crop pests comprehensive management, Chen Wanquan team carried out research on the prominent problems of long-distance propagation, devastating and difficult prevention and control of wheat stripe embroidery, and constructed a comprehensive control technology system for bacterial source base to achieve disease. Long-term control of disaster-free and disease-free, recovering more than 2 billion kilograms of wheat lost each year.

Concentrated and cultivated a group of outstanding scientific and technological talents. During the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan” period, 15 people were selected as academicians of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, 14 innovation teams were supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, and 26 were supported by the National Science Fund for Outstanding Youth. 124 people were selected as national outstanding agricultural research personnel.

Agricultural technology support action

During the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan” period, the Ministry of Agriculture carried out scientific and technological support actions around major food crops to enhance food supply security.

In 2012, the Ministry of Agriculture launched the implementation of super rice “double increase of 100”, and plans to promote 120 million mu of super rice in the country, achieving the goal of increasing yield by 100 kilograms and saving 100 yuan by cost, increasing production, increasing efficiency and increasing income. Coordination and unity.

In the same year, the implementation of the “Double Increase and Two Hundreds” scientific and technological action on corn was carried out, with the four provinces and regions such as Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning and Inner Mongolia as the key areas, aiming at the coordinated increase of corn yield and cost-effective synergy, strengthening fine varieties, cultivation techniques and The three major supportes of construction machinery have won the goal of increasing the average yield of 100 million mu of corn and increasing the yield by more than 200 kg in the area of ​​nearly 20 million mu of corn planted in the northeast region.

As of 2015, the super rice demonstration and promotion area was 132 million mu, with an average yield of 583.5 kg per mu, achieving the goal of increasing 100 kg per mu and increasing income by 100 yuan. Nearly 100 million mu of corn in the northeast has achieved the goal of increasing production and increasing efficiency, and achieving high yields of more than 1200 kg per mu in individual areas.

National Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Alliance

On December 22, 2014, the National Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Alliance was established in Beijing. The National Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Alliance is a national science and technology innovation collaboration platform jointly participated by the provincial and prefecture-level three-level agricultural (grazing) industry and the agricultural and sorghum academy. It is the main force of agricultural science and technology innovation in China.

The key tasks of the Innovation Alliance are:

Strengthen basic long-term scientific and technological work and consolidate the foundation of agricultural discipline development;

Strengthen key technologies in agriculture and break through the technical bottlenecks that restrict development;

Strengthen the frontiers and basic research of the agricultural disciplines and seize the strategic commanding heights;

Strengthen the research and development of major scientific and technological engineering technologies in different ecological regions, and promote regional agricultural transformation and upgrading and sustainable development.

Science and Technology Achievement Transfer Service Center

On July 7, 2015, the “National Agricultural Science and Technology Achievement Transfer Service Center” was officially launched. The National Agricultural Science and Technology Achievements Transfer Service Center is an integrated service organization for agricultural technology transfer and achievement transformation based on the optimization and integration of existing agricultural science and technology achievements property rights trading platform resources.

The service center mainly focuses on the strategic needs of the state for the development of modern agriculture, and carries out the results transfer service from the collection of results to the transaction, to the tracking service, to the whole industry value chain service system of incubation research, focusing on the identification and evaluation of the collection of agricultural scientific and technological achievements. Assessment, promotion, transfer transactions, and services.

According to statistics, in 2016, 64 transactions were realized with an amount of 60.91 million yuan.

Modern agricultural industrial technology system

In 2007, the Ministry of Agriculture and the Ministry of Finance selected 10 industries including rice and corn to carry out pilot projects for the construction of technical systems. Later, according to the needs of agricultural industry development and regional planning of advantageous agricultural products, the agricultural products were the main unit and the industrial chain was the main line to Based on the experimental station, the industrial technology system of 50 major agricultural products in the four industries of grain and oil, economic crops, animal husbandry and aquatic products was comprehensively launched, involving 112 major agricultural products.

During the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period, the industrial technology system has achieved important results in effectively integrating agricultural science and technology resources, condensing agricultural research teams, and promoting the close integration of science and technology with industry, which has supported the development of modern agriculture in China.

The system has a total of 50 industrial technology research and development centers, 233 functional research rooms, employing 50 scientists, 1,050 post scientists, 1137 comprehensive test station webmasters, and built 5,677 test bases and 13,178 demonstration bases.

The system has established a stable support mechanism. According to the basic research and development costs of scientists, 300,000 yuan/year, the basic research and development expenses of post experts are 700,000 yuan/year, and the basic research and development cost of the comprehensive test station is 500,000 yuan/year. The annual special fund for the central financial support system is 1318.5 million yuan.

The system is aimed at national and industrial needs, and has developed more than 900 new varieties, more than 350 new technologies and new processes, and more than 110 new products and equipment. During the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan” period, the varieties that the system participated in research and development and promotion entered the Ministry of Agriculture, and the main varieties accounted for nearly half of the relevant fields. The varieties and technologies involved in research and development and promotion won the national three major science and technology awards, accounting for 67% of the relevant fields.

Implement "one control, two reductions and three basics"

During the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period, the Ministry of Agriculture proposed the goal of "one control, two reductions and three basics":

Around the "one control, two reductions and three basics", the Ministry of Agriculture has strengthened rural ecological construction, environmental protection and comprehensive management, and introduced measures.

First, fully promote the prevention and control of agricultural non-point source pollution. Improve the non-point source pollution monitoring network, improve monitoring capabilities, and basically grasp the pollution situation and dynamic changes. Degradable film testing was carried out in 11 provinces.

The second is to speed up the prevention and control of heavy metal pollution in agricultural products. Fully start the dynamic monitoring of the environment of the production area. Continue to implement pollution rehabilitation and planting structure adjustment pilots in the Changsha, Zhuzhou and Xiangtan areas of Hunan.

The third is to strengthen the protection of agricultural resources. Survey of 400 agricultural wild plant species resources. We will promote the investigation, monitoring, early warning and eradication of invasive alien species, and build a pilot project for breeding bases for natural enemies.

The fourth is to promote the use of renewable energy in rural areas. The central government will allocate 2 billion yuan to support large-scale biogas projects and large-scale bio-natural gas pilot projects. Carry out research on straw comprehensive utilization research and fundraising system, and start pilot experiments on straw full quantification in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei.

(Original title: "Twelfth Five-Year" agricultural science and technology development is a bit fierce or not you see!)