[ China Agricultural Machinery Industry News ] Kind of cotton, industry. In the northwest of Shandong Province in the border of Lulu, cotton was the treasure of countless farmers who made their fortunes. Recently, the “Lusong Whole Mechanized Cotton Production Base†led by the Agricultural Mechanization Technology Development and Promotion Station of the Ministry of Agriculture officially landed in Binzhou, Shandong Province, which marked the official promotion of “the whole process of cotton productionâ€.
Recalling the 80s, the silver-like cotton and the fleet of squatting squats became the symbol of the reform and opening up of farmers. Although cotton makes money, it is very troublesome to plant. From early spring, to seedling, weeding, fork, core, and flower collection, let alone pesticides over and over again, labor and labor. Nowadays, farmers can finally plant flowers with confidence and make a difference.
Xinjiang experience: from "people's sea war" to "every machine"
The fundamental way out for agriculture lies in mechanization. After 11 years of hard work, the research team led by Chen Xuegeng, a member of the Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, has broken through the key technologies of mechanized agricultural machinery and agronomy integration in cotton production in China, and has achieved mechanization of cotton production in China.
The high-yield cultivation mode of the Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Reclamation, the drip irrigation precision seeding technology and equipment, the fine-grained finishing technology and equipment, the chemical defoliation technology and equipment, the cotton picker and the seed cotton storage and transportation equipment, successfully It solved the four major planting problems of cotton cultivation and tube collection, greatly liberated the productivity of cotton planting, and formed a four-in-one mechanized technical system for cotton production.
For a long time, the three major problems that have plagued cotton farmers have been filming, crossing, and picking up cotton. The ultra-narrow line pipe-laying precision seeding machine developed by the Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Reclamation Sciences can complete 8 operating procedures at a time, successfully solving the problem of cotton seeding and filming. The successful development of chemical defoliation technology and equipment successfully solved the management problem of weeding and weeding. The successful development of the new type of cotton picker, harvesting up to 150 acres a day, solves the problem of expensive cotton harvesting.
Nowadays, Northern Xinjiang has bid farewell to the previous year's cotton picking "people-to-sea war", basically achieving cotton machine mining. According to statistics, from 2013 to 2015, the total mechanized planting area of ​​cotton in Xinjiang was 38.29 million mu, and the cost-saving efficiency was 14.624 billion yuan. The experience of Xinjiang cotton area has been extended to the Yellow River Basin and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. It has played a good demonstration in the country. effect.
Machine-collecting dilemma: "low picking rate" and "high impurity rate" coexist
Cotton harvesting is the highlight of the entire mechanization of cotton production. For a long time, domestic cotton picking mainly uses American imported machinery, which has many disadvantages such as high impurity content, low cutting rate, multiple wire, and spontaneous combustion of cotton picker. Revitalizing domestic independent cotton machinery brands has become an unshirkable responsibility of Chinese agricultural machinery workers.
To this end, CSIC 704 Institute of Hengtuo Agricultural Machinery Department, Chongqing Mechanical and Electrical Group, Nanjing Agricultural Mechanization Research Institute and other enterprises and institutions, has invested a large amount of scientific research funds, and actively overcome the difficult technical difficulties in cotton harvesting. In January 2014, China's first national production and production cotton picking machine passed the national inspection and acceptance. It can pick 20 mu of cotton fields in one hour, and the recovery rate reached 95%. It successfully solved the shortcomings of low harvesting rate.
In August 2016, the cotton picker independently developed by Chongqing Electromechanical Group adopted the dry telescopic cotton removal technology, which subverted the traditional picking mode and upgraded the quality of cotton by one grade. The price per ton increased by nearly 3,000 yuan, successfully breaking the machine. Receive the problem of "high impurity rate". In August 2017, the “Cotton Topping Machine†and “Finger-type Cotton Picking Technology†developed by Nanjing Agricultural Mechanization Research Institute realized the automatic detection of topping and layered combing and harvesting, which successfully solved the problem of agro-agriculture integration. .
At present, most of the cotton pickers used by Chinese farmers are imported from abroad, with an average price of more than 2 million yuan. Not only is the price high, but also the maintenance is inconvenient. Many cotton farmers and cooperatives are daunting, which seriously affects the progress and popularization of cotton production mechanization. The domestically produced cotton picker with high quality and low price provides a new choice for the majority of cotton farmers, and also brings new hopes for expanding the cotton planting area in China and reducing the cost of cotton planting.
In addition, in China's three major cotton regions, due to differences in soil, humidity and climate, the cycle and method of cotton planting are not the same. In the cotton area of ​​the Yangtze River Basin, due to the moist soil and more rainy weather, the selection of machinery is very important. If the planting ditch is too deep, it will seriously affect the germination and growth of the seeds. This requires improving the experience of Xinjiang and improving the new models suitable for local production.
Revitalizing the cotton industry: “Mechanical planting†and “intensive production†are key
In recent years, with the increase in labor costs and the low degree of mechanization of cotton, the cotton planting area in the Yellow River Basin has been greatly reduced, and large areas of cotton fields have been replaced by wheat and corn. The reduction of cotton planting area in the Mainland directly leads to too little raw material in the ginning plant, which raises the price of textiles and is not conducive to the stability of the domestic light industry market. Recently, Jiangsu Province has also revealed that the local seed cotton resources are too small to meet the difficulty of starting the production of the ginning factory.
“Mechanical planting†and “intensive production†are the key to revitalizing the cotton industry. At present, the cotton-producing areas in the Lulu-Yu-Yu area mainly adopt artificial planting mode, which has more labor and labor intensity. The artificial picking cost exceeds 300 yuan per mu, while the mechanical picking cost is only about 80 yuan per mu. The whole process of mechanized planting of cotton is more artificial. Planting not only has a large cost advantage, but will also greatly alleviate the growing problem of aging population of farmers and increase the income of cotton farmers.
With the implementation of the agricultural policy in the new era, the "separation of powers", "land transfer" and "land custody" are in full swing. In the case of ensuring land contracting rights, expanding the land management area will not only promote the concentrated production of cotton, but also facilitate large-scale intensive management. We believe that learning the entire mechanization experience of cotton production in Xinjiang can complement the shortcomings in the Mainland and reduce the detours to help farmers realize their dream of becoming rich!
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