The technical and economic effects of the bottom structure of the stope on the mining method (such as cutting ratio, cutting cost, production capacity, labor productivity, loss and depletion of ore, recovery cost, mining intensity, etc.) and safety of mining work Have a major impact. There are many types of bottom structures used in actual work, and the mining geological conditions are complex and variable. Therefore, selecting a reasonable bottom structure for the specific conditions of the mine is one of the key contents of the mining method design.
The reasonable bottom structure of the stope should meet the following basic requirements:
1. During the mining process of the stope, it should be ensured that the roadway in the bottom structure has sufficient stability and can withstand the ground pressure and dynamic load caused by the collapse, ore deposit and secondary crushing, so that the collected ore can Release as planned and fully recycle resources.
2. Under the premise of ensuring the stability of the bottom column, minimize the amount of bottom column ore to increase the total recovery rate of the ore.
3. The number of lanes required in the bottom structure and its arrangement must meet the requirements of ore-mining, secondary crushing and ventilation, have better safety conditions and good working conditions, ensure the quality of the ore, and form the bottom structure. The amount of roadway engineering is small, and the structure of the roadway is simple, which is conducive to the mechanized operation of forming the bottom structure, and the construction is convenient.
4. Adapt to the requirements of the mining capacity of the stope.
Due to the advancement of mining technology, the special rock mechanics and the achievements of new high-efficiency mining equipment, the bottom structure of the stope has undergone great changes. The development trend of the bottom structure and construction of the stope is:
1. Simplify the bottom structure of the stope, from a multi-level layer to a horizontal layer, from using a variety of roadways to a water
The roadway is reused, and the roadway is reused. The artificial false bottom is replaced by concrete to replace the bottom column.
2. Add qualified ore blockage to expand the section of the mining roadway.
3. Use large-scale scraping equipment.
4. Smooth blasting method using shotcrete and the Tunneling, bolt, with the metal support.
According to the shape of the mine roadway (funnel, trench and flat bottom) and the presence or absence of secondary crushing horizontal layers, there are different stop bottom structures, which are described below.
The reasonable bottom structure of the stope should meet the following basic requirements:
1. During the mining process of the stope, it should be ensured that the roadway in the bottom structure has sufficient stability and can withstand the ground pressure and dynamic load caused by the collapse, ore deposit and secondary crushing, so that the collected ore can Release as planned and fully recycle resources.
2. Under the premise of ensuring the stability of the bottom column, minimize the amount of bottom column ore to increase the total recovery rate of the ore.
3. The number of lanes required in the bottom structure and its arrangement must meet the requirements of ore-mining, secondary crushing and ventilation, have better safety conditions and good working conditions, ensure the quality of the ore, and form the bottom structure. The amount of roadway engineering is small, and the structure of the roadway is simple, which is conducive to the mechanized operation of forming the bottom structure, and the construction is convenient.
4. Adapt to the requirements of the mining capacity of the stope.
Due to the advancement of mining technology, the special rock mechanics and the achievements of new high-efficiency mining equipment, the bottom structure of the stope has undergone great changes. The development trend of the bottom structure and construction of the stope is:
1. Simplify the bottom structure of the stope, from a multi-level layer to a horizontal layer, from using a variety of roadways to a water
The roadway is reused, and the roadway is reused. The artificial false bottom is replaced by concrete to replace the bottom column.
2. Add qualified ore blockage to expand the section of the mining roadway.
3. Use large-scale scraping equipment.
4. Smooth blasting method using shotcrete and the Tunneling, bolt, with the metal support.
According to the shape of the mine roadway (funnel, trench and flat bottom) and the presence or absence of secondary crushing horizontal layers, there are different stop bottom structures, which are described below.
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