The development trend of tractors

Although the tractor is a more complex machine, its type and size are also different, but they are composed of three parts of the engine, chassis and electrical equipment. From the perspective of the production and use of tractors, the main trends of tractors are:

1 The average power keeps increasing. Regardless of whether it is an agricultural tractor or an industrial tractor, the average power continues to increase in order to increase the productivity of a stand-alone machine, but the rate of growth has declined. In North America and the Soviet Union, there are many people and there are many people, and the scale of agricultural production is large. Most of them use large farm implements and are equipped with corresponding high-powered tractors. In general developing countries, small and medium-sized tractors are still the mainstay, but their average power is also increasing.

2 Wheel tractors have an absolute advantage in agricultural tractors. In many countries, the use of tracked tractors is largely eliminated in agricultural production. In the Soviet Union, Italy, and China, although some crawler tractors are still in use, their share is also declining. In industrial tractors, especially crawlers and excavators, crawler type still dominates. With the increase of tractor power, four-wheel drive tractors have achieved rapid development. The application of hydraulic steering device can solve the problem of steering difficulty of this type of machine. The articulated steering can greatly reduce the turning radius. These factors further promote the development of high-power four-wheel drive tractors. In order to improve the traction and adhesion performance in the paddy fields, the four-wheel drive variants of the medium and small-power wheeled tractors have also achieved rapid development in Japan and other countries.

3 The safety, ease of handling, and comfort of the working environment of tractors are increasingly valued. Well-designed and manufactured cabs and various instruments not only improve the driver's working conditions, ensure safety, but also increase labor productivity and work quality.

4 Serialization, generalization and standardization of tractors and their components are important measures to facilitate production, use, reduce manufacturing costs and simplify the supply of spare parts. In order to meet the various needs of the tractor market with less basic models of tractors, major tractor companies in Europe and America produce one or several series of products. In countries such as the Soviet Union, there is a nationwide series of tractors designed to guide the development of products in various production plants. The development of basic model tractors and their corresponding variants with two or more power levels and a certain organic connection, constitute a series of products that allow the highest degree of commonality among parts of the product, thus increasing the general zero The production volume of parts; or can produce similar parts on the same processing line, and similar parts and adjacent grade tractors on the same assembly line. This is very beneficial to making full use of production capacity and reducing production costs.

5 Hydraulics are increasingly used on tractors. In modern tractors, especially on large tractors, almost all major components are operated using hydraulic devices such as clutch, gearbox power shifts, differential locks, brakes, and steering mechanisms. In some tractors, even hydraulic adjustments are used to adjust seats and open and close windows. Electronic-hydraulic controlled suspension systems have been adopted on certain tractors. Due to the ease of arrangement of the operating switches, the hydraulic lines can be shortened accordingly and will be used more in large tractors.

6 Some components of the tractor will withstand random alternating loads for a long time, which will cause fatigue damage and affect the reliability and life of the tractor. In order to further improve product quality, large tractor companies have invested more money and manpower to produce part load spectra under various conditions, organize simulation tests and stress analysis, and prepare electronic computers based on a large amount of experimental data. Software for optimal design. This not only improves product quality, but also shortens the development cycle of new products. Advanced tractor manufacturers have applied computer-aided design (CAD) to product design. Research and application of optimized design have also received increasing attention.