The supervision and management of the mine environment mainly includes two aspects: first, the supervision of environmental protection; the second plant is the supervision of the reclamation of the mine.
1. To open up mineral resources, we must abide by the laws and regulations on environmental protection to prevent pollution of the mine environment.
The development and utilization of mineral resources not only produces a large amount of material wealth, but also extensively and directly affects the balance of the ecological environment. The toxic, harmful gases, slag, tailings, waste water, dust, noise, vibration and other factors generated during mining and beneficiation process not only directly affect the working environment and working conditions, but also cause harm to the atmosphere, water quality and soil around the mining area; Stone piles and tailings reservoirs occupy a large amount of land and farmland; sewage and soot emissions, pollution of water sources, rivers and atmosphere, also destroy landscapes and vegetation; collapse of open pit slopes, ground collapse caused by underground goafs and blasting Both flying stones and shock waves directly threaten the safety of ground buildings and personnel in the mining area. All these environmental problems have a serious impact on human production and life, and prevention and treatment are very difficult.
According to the Environmental Protection Law, the Mineral Resources Law and relevant laws and regulations, the basic principle of environmental protection in China is the coordinated development of economic construction and environmental protection; prevention, prevention and control, comprehensive management; who develops protection, who pollutes who And rely on the principle of the masses to protect the environment. Every link in the development and utilization of mineral resources must take measures to prevent and protect the environment.
(1) For new mines, an environmental impact assessment reporting system shall be implemented. The evaluation report is not approved, and no project may be established, and construction is not allowed;
(2) Measures to prevent pollution and other disasters must be designed, constructed, and put into operation at the same time as the main project;
(3) The old pollution sources should be supervised and governed by the principle of “who pollutes who governs and who develops who protectsâ€.
It is necessary to correctly handle the relationship between comprehensive development and utilization of mineral resources and protection of the mine environment. Countries with developed mining in the world have paid great attention to mine environmental protection and governance as early as the 1970s. The investment in environmental protection of the two mining enterprises accounts for a large proportion of the total investment in the mine.
In recent years, the United Nations has proposed a sustainable development strategy, and mine environmental protection has attracted the attention of governments and mining industries. Some countries make a clear policy provisions, some countries implement performance guarantee deposit system for mining enterprises to effectively supervise enterprises to implement environmental protection measures. The overall level of mining development in China is relatively low, and the environmental problems in mines are becoming increasingly serious. China needs to improve laws and regulations, and gradually shift the focus of mineral resources development and utilization supervision to strengthen the environmental protection of mines. In the process of developing and utilizing mineral resources, we must achieve the unification of economic, social, resource and environmental benefits.
Second, land reclamation
Protecting land resources and protecting mineral resources are equally important. Therefore, Article 32 of the Mineral Resources Law is clearly defined in the form of law. “If mining resources are used, land should be saved. If the cultivated land, grassland or forest land is damaged due to mining, the mining enterprise should adopt reclamation, planting trees or other utilization measures according to local conditions. ".
Land reclamation refers to the land that has been damaged due to excavation, collapse, and occupation during the process of production and construction, and remediation measures are taken to restore it to an available state. The Land Reclamation Regulations promulgated by the State Council on November 8, 1988 clearly stipulates the principle of land reclamation of "who destroys and who recovers."
The development and utilization of mineral resources, mining land reclamation mainly includes restoration of farmland, land rebuilding and land use. The contents of the reclamation include the collapse area, the recovery of the goaf, the construction of the tailings pond, the excavation of the dumping site, and the construction of a new scenic viewing area to beautify the environment. The above-mentioned reclamation project can be combined with mining mineral resources to achieve twice the result with half the effort and save costs. It can also be carried out after mining, so that the rights and obligations of mining and land protection and reclamation are unified. Mining enterprises use their land waste, waste rock, coal ash fill subsidence area recovered with the use of the right to operate, when transferred to other units to use, can be charged appropriately.
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