Precautionary measures for mine dust hazards include dust reduction measures, dust reduction measures, ventilation and dust removal, and personal protection. The measures for dust prevention in coal mines are mainly to reduce the generation and flying of coal dust in various production processes. The dust prevention of non-coal mines mainly adopts comprehensive dust-proof technical measures based on wind and water, that is, on the one hand, the dust is wetted and captured by water, and on the other hand, the dust is discharged out of the well by the wind. Dust-proof measures for open pit mines and underground mining operations have different characteristics.
The dust prevention measures of open pit mines mainly include the following aspects.
1. Control the main source of dust
(1) Drilling operation is the main source of dust in open pit mines, which can be adopted by wet drilling or dust collection.
(2) The crushing operation in the mining area can make the dust concentration of the working place reach several hundred milligrams per cubic meter, and the method of sealing, ventilation and dust removal can be adopted. Due to the short process, only the crushing equipment, many non- grading equipment , and high degree of mechanization, long-distance control can be adopted to reduce and eliminate the opportunity for workers to touch the dust. For production dust containing more than 80% free silica, the maximum allowable concentration should not exceed 0.3 mg/m3. Other dusts have a free silica content of less than 10%, and mineral and animal and plant dusts that do not contain toxic substances, such as coal dust, have a maximum allowable concentration of 10 mg/m3.
2. Dust-proof of the driver's cab - Due to the large amount of dust generated during the drilling and transportation process, the concentration of dust in the driver's room of the rig , electric shovel, car, etc. is very high, so the protection of the driver's room should be strengthened. An important part of the dust.
3. Dust prevention during transportation
(1) Before loading the electric shovel, sprinkle water on the mine (rock), and spray equipment when unloading.
(2) The road surface should be sprinkled frequently, and the maintenance road surface should be level and reduce the generation of dust. In order to prevent the road surface from generating dust, it is possible to use a material that is not easy to generate dust (such as latex asphalt ) to maintain the road surface and spray the dust suppressant.
(2) Dust prevention in the well
The dust prevention measures in the underground are determined by the characteristics of the underground mining production process and the production environment. Comprehensive dust prevention measures with wet operation and enhanced ventilation are taken.
(1) Wet rock drilling is a key measure, and dry rock drilling without protective equipment is strictly prohibited.
(2) Adding water cannon blasting and water sealing blasting, spray and dust after shooting, immediately spray the spray to the face for 10 minutes.
(3) Wet operation in the process of mining, sprinkling water to the mine (rock) before loading, and spraying device at the unloading point.
(4) Strengthen the ventilation, 24 hours continuous operation of the mine, the main ventilation of the main ventilation machine, and ensure that the working surface has sufficient ventilation. Local ventilation is required for the work surface and the work surface that cannot be fully ventilated.
(5) Pre-wet coal body dustproof. It is to wet the water before the coal has been mined, and increase the moisture of the coal to reduce the amount of coal dust generated during mining. The method includes coal seam water injection and watering in the goaf.
In addition, there are some auxiliary dust-proof measures, including water curtains in the air inlet tunnel and return air passage, purifying the wind source and the air polluted by the dust; flushing the roadway wall and the ventilator to keep it clean and prevent secondary dust. At the same time as dust-proof technical measures are taken, dust collectors must use dust masks.
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