First, the current problems in China's urban development
(A) urban resources and environment can not withstand the rapid accumulation of population pressure
As a gathering place of population, the scale of development of cities and towns should be compatible with the carrying capacity of resources and environment. At present, 183 prefecture-level cities across the country are planning to build an "international metropolis," and a large number of cities will face the problem of extremely large population expansion and over-concentration. They will give urban transport, land, space resources, water resources and environment Resources and other aspects of management caused great difficulties. At the same time, the management of floating population, the management of the household registration system and the aging of the population are also becoming new challenges in urban management and development.
(B) urban infrastructure management is difficult to adapt to the needs of urban operation
The construction of ground and underground infrastructure in urban areas lags far behind the pace of urban development due to over-population, large capital needs, long construction period, low operational efficiency and backward technology. Outstanding performance in the serious shortage of hardware and software traffic facilities, traffic congestion in serious condition.
(C) urban resources and environmental constraints increasingly tightening
Due to the extreme expansion of urban population, resulting in excessive consumption of land resources and the contradiction between supply and demand of water resources, the urban energy consumption has risen sharply and urban development is increasingly constrained by the shortage of resources such as land, space, clean water and energy. According to statistics, in 2012, there were over 420 cities in the country suffering from insufficient water supply, of which 110 were seriously water-scarce with a total water shortage of 10.5 billion cubic meters.
(D) social management services need to be improved
In the process of rapid urbanization, the problems of urban management efficiency and low service level have become increasingly prominent. There is a big gap between the urban basic services such as housing, medical care, education and social security and the urban residents' needs and expectations, and the social management service needs to be improved urgently . At the same time, with the increasing number of social management elements and the increasing difficulty of management, the traditional social management system, management methods and propaganda concepts have obviously lagged behind. It has been difficult to achieve scientific and effective social management by traditional means alone.
Second, the concept and characteristics of smart city
(A) the definition of smart city
The smart city realizes timely, interactive and integrated information perception and transmission in the city through information and communication technologies such as Internet of Things through the ability of material and object, people and people, ability of interoperability and interpersonal communication, comprehensive ability of perception and information utilization And processing, to build a highly sensitive urban basic environment, to achieve efficient urban government management, convenient livelihood services, sustainable industrial development.
The connotation of smart city is complete and intelligent urban environment, city economy is active and innovative, efficient and flexible urban services, urban citizens happy, accurate and efficient urban governance.
"Constructing a highly sensitive urban basic environment" has the connotation of realizing complete urban environment intelligence. Urban environment complete intelligence refers to the city's perceptual terminals, information networks and other infrastructure to fully support the urban public, business and government information communication, service delivery and business collaboration in personnel training, capital use, natural resources utilization, environmental protection, etc. All aspects of the city create a huge innovation potential and sustainable development.
"To achieve the city's efficient government management", the connotation is to achieve efficient and accurate urban governance. Accurate and efficient urban governance refers to the government departments to achieve network connectivity, information resources on demand sharing, business processes and efficient coordination, to provide the basis for government decision-making support and improve management efficiency and service effectiveness.
"The realization of convenient livelihood services" means that urban services are equally flexible and urban citizens are happy and modern. Equal and flexible urban services means making full use of information and communication technologies in areas such as medical care, education, transportation, water and electricity services that are relevant to people's livelihood, and providing high-quality and convenient public services to all citizens. Urban Citizens' Happiness Modern means that citizens have the awareness and ability to apply information and communication technologies, use networks and computers, and all kinds of mobile devices to acquire various kinds of social services, enhance their quality of life, and achieve urban harmony and public happiness.
"To achieve sustainable industrial development", the connotation of the city's economic innovation. Urban economic innovation means that the information industry with Internet of Things as the core has a strong ability of innovation and development. Economic entities, through the application of information and communication technologies, innovate the industrial structure, mode of production and management so that their competitiveness and activity are prominent.
The research shows that the core idea of ​​smart city is to regard smart city as an overall development strategy of the city. It is not only the application of IoT in the public infrastructure, but also the smart city as a manifestation of the higher level development of information technology. Economic restructuring, industrial upgrading, urban upgrading of the new engine, to enhance the management level, promote the transformation of economic development and improve the livable city quality purposes, reflect the higher development concepts and innovative spirit.
(B) the characteristics of smart cities
1. Smart city is the advanced stage of city informatization development
Smarter City was first proposed by IBM in 2009 to take full advantage of the new generation of communication technologies, Internet of Things, cloud computing, system integration and other information technology based on the integrated integration of various types of urban information systems, urban Information systems for integrated integration and collaborative applications. It emphasizes the integration and integration of information application systems based on a new generation of information technology and provides decision-makers with decision-makers.
2. Smart City is the result of a new generation of information technology innovation
In the 21st century, information technology has accelerated its innovation and application. In particular, the new generation of information technology has made rapid progress and laid the technological foundation for the construction of smart city. First of all, the Internet of Things (IPO) solves the obstacles of automatic information collection, acquisition and transmission and is the most important foundation for smart city construction. Second, cloud computing solves the problem of efficient information processing and provides a new type of business model for rapidly popularizing information technology applications Thirdly, the breakthrough of mobile communication technology represented by the fourth generation mobile communication related wireless technology and signal processing technology has provided technical support for the application of mobile broadband. The high-quality, high-speed and ubiquitous 3G services provide the smart city with In the end, the system integration technology can effectively integrate computer software, hardware, operating system, database, network communication and business application system for the construction of smart city The large integrated, large integration offers the possibility.
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