1. Bus companies have basically independent research and development capabilities
China's passenger car industry started in the 1970s. After more than 30 years of development and integration, it now has a certain technical foundation. With the rapid growth of the national economy, the rapid development of the expressway and the improvement of the traffic conditions between urban and rural areas, the passenger car market in China has achieved a relatively large-scale development. In the past 10 years, China has advanced through joint ventures, cooperation and technology introduction. The bus body and chassis manufacturing technology, At present, China's passenger car products not only basically meet the requirements of road passenger transport and road conditions, but also achieved exports in 1987, and now China's passenger car products have been exported to 28 countries and regions in the world. China's passenger coach companies relied on FAW Group's and Dongfeng's cargo vehicle chassis to refit buses more than a decade ago. Since the chassis of the planned economy was a scarce resource, bus companies such as Yaxing, Huanghai, and the Yangtze River were determined to carry out integrated self-development of the body and chassis, thus enabling domestic passenger car companies to achieve such an independent status today. After more than 30 years of development and major national transformation, it now has a certain technical foundation. With the rapid growth of the national economy, the passenger car market in our country has achieved a relatively large scale of development. Large and medium-sized passenger cars have formed a product mix of high, medium and low-grade products.
2. Bus companies have high technical content
Passenger cars are different from sedan products and are not mass-produced. Therefore, they must be adopted. With a differentiated strategy, the parts interchangeability of passenger cars is better than that of cars, and it is possible to adopt a block-type production method and make use of excellent spare parts at home and abroad as platters to match the best products. It can be said that it is precisely this type of production that has made China's passenger car industry in line with international standards in the body design and assembly configuration when the auto parts foundation is still very weak.
3. Status and Trends of Domestic Development of High-end Passenger Cars
In the past 20 years, with the rapid growth of the domestic passenger car market and the intensification of foreign passenger car technology landing in China, Chinese bus companies have continued to draw lessons from foreign passenger car related technologies, processes, management, marketing, and even corporate culture. With the qualitative leap, it took nearly half a century to get through the European bus industry. From the history of foreign passenger car technology and China's passenger car market, China's bus industry needs the support of foreign passenger car technology to achieve rapid development. Foreign passenger car technology can transform its technical value into commercial value only in China's passenger car market. The domestic economy has continued to grow steadily in recent years. High-grade highways have become quite popular. The highways such as Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Shenyang-Dalian, Shanghai-Nanjing and Chengdu-Chengdu have been successively opened, and the corresponding high-speed luxury passenger cars have also been put into operation in batches. Most of the models used in the project are domestic joint ventures. There are also a small number of vehicles imported by the company that are assembled and produced by the import assembly. A group of passenger car manufacturers, through their own efforts, or the introduction of technology, or joint venture production, equipment, process capabilities and design and development have greatly improved, has developed a variety of models of luxury passenger cars.
4. China has advanced passenger car body and chassis manufacturing technology
(1) Security As the requirements for active safety performance continue to increase, more and more radar, ultrasonic, and infrared devices are installed on the front, rear, and both sides of the vehicle, forming another set of assisted driving systems. Various information about the vehicle's driving status is displayed on the display in the middle of the instrument panel. When the number of these information exceeds the preset normal allowable value, a red light flashes. Further, it is an audible alarm or even a voice report. Force relevant instructions and actions to ensure driving safety. In terms of passive safety performance, it also gradually develops and manufactures full-loaded bodywork, which is the mainstream type of large and medium-sized passenger cars. It greatly improves the overall stiffness and strength of the body and chassis, and at the same time reduces the body mass accordingly, reaching or even exceeding The rollover strength requirements of the world's most powerful vehicle body strength standards ensure that the occupants still have enough space for survival after the rolling of the vehicle. The safety doors and safety sunroofs that are used to facilitate the occupants to leave after an accident are also well-arranged. The use of an arched structure at the front of the car body is also an effective way to resist frontal impact, disperse impact force, and reduce impact deformation.
(2) Environmental Protection In recent years, China's diesel engine technology has been significantly improved, and the dieselization of passenger cars has been formed. Now many manufacturers have launched Euro III diesel products. At present, this is one of the major trends in the development of international automobile power. Compared with gasoline engines, diesel engines have obvious advantages in terms of power, energy consumption, and emissions. With the implementation of the national energy-saving and emission-reduction policy, the passenger car industry has once again raised the storm of developing electric vehicles. The major passenger car factories have started to launch electric buses, but as far as China’s technology is concerned, it is in the development and promotion of pure electric passenger cars. there's still a long way to go. In reducing noise, the use of high pressure common rail fuel injection technology, improve the cylinder structure, improve the overall rigidity, reduce the maximum speed, the use of turbocharged intake technology to reduce engine noise; by improving the fan blade and its smooth surface Reduce the noise of engine accessories; Improve the function of sound insulation, sound absorption, and heat insulation by improving the structure of the engine compartment; Reduce the rolling deformation noise of the tire by improving the tire tread pattern and slotted structure; Through the streamlined shape of its own shape, the body surface The gap between the joints strives to reduce and increase the smooth transition of the arc.
(3) Power, fuel economy, and fuel economy are a combination of performance and are the result of the joint action of the chassis and body. The chassis is mainly affected by engine technology level, engine system matching, drive train matching, transmission efficiency and other factors; the body part is mainly affected by factors such as wind resistance coefficient and windward area. Among them, the engine technology plays a key role, and the body shape of high-speed buses plays a major role. China's engine technology is still in a period of development, and the level of body design is still not mature enough, resulting in domestic passenger cars in the balance of power and economy is difficult to achieve.
5. Compared with foreign developed countries, China's insufficiency mainly manifests in the following aspects:
(1) Product positioning. Domestic passenger car products have two phenomena. One is that the products are seriously homogenized, and each product is relatively complete. From small to large, similar in shape, as long as the user needs can develop and produce. Another phenomenon is order-based production, where the user specifies a large assembly and the bus factory purchases and produces according to orders. These two phenomena lead to designers being overwhelmed and difficult to innovate. In addition, many passenger car factories are required to produce chassis, which results in the dispersion of professional and technical forces and the inability to harmonize and coordinate the two products that differ greatly in design and production types. With the division of labor in the bus factory, it can be done more professionally, and it is easier to catch up with the world advanced level.
(2) Development method. Domestic passenger cars have a short development cycle, generally lack experience in the development process, lack of funds, few early tests, and issues that have been missed during the development phase. During the production, sales, and use, their losses will be amplified step by step. Therefore, a rigorous and practical development process should be established as soon as possible to fully prepare for the development.
(3) product design. Body accessories and common parts are being developed towards specialization, and progress has been rapid, but the design of the vehicle layout is still not perfect. In terms of product design, we must standardize, and we must pay particular attention to details.
(4) Raw materials. Some basic industries in China have not kept up with international standards, especially raw materials. Parts related to raw materials are inferior to imported cars in overall performance. Therefore, important parts can be purchased abroad. At the same time, domestic research and development should be stepped up, or technology introduced, so that the overall level of domestic passenger cars to a higher level.
(5) Quality control. As a country, mandatory regulations are continuously introduced; as companies should also learn advanced foreign management experience, so that domestic cars do not lag behind Europe and the United States in quality.
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