The Santana sedan assembled by China's first joint venture 30 years ago was launched at the Shanghai Volkswagen Base, which drove China's first round of automobile joint ventures, and dozens of joint ventures have sprung up. Nowadays, as the first-round auto joint venture period is about to expire, both Chinese and foreign parties have arranged in advance to open a new round of automobile joint venture.
Renewal or alternatives for auto companies, is it a renewal or an alternative partner? Has caused various speculations in the industry. This kind of reorganization includes not only the re-selection of objects, but also the rebalancing of the discourse power of Chinese and foreign shareholders in the joint-stock company.
According to the requirements of the “joint venture regulations†related to the domestic automobile industry, the joint venture period of general projects is 10 to 30 years, and the maximum length cannot exceed 50 years. Judging from the current contracted or extended joint venture period, the new round of automobile joint ventures will mostly be due to expire in around 2030. For example, Shanghai Volkswagen's joint venture term is 2028, FAW-Volkswagen to 2032, Guangzhou Honda to 2028, and BAIC. Modern to 2032, Dongfeng Yueda Kia to 2032, FAW Toyota to 2030 and so on.
The new round of joint ventures is concentrated in the industry around 2030. The persuasive explanation is the judgment of multinational companies on the future of the Chinese auto market: the auto industry has long been listed as a sunset industry by the West, and the Chinese auto industry as a whole has already taken steps. The bottleneck period of falling profits in the industry.
While cherishing the existing joint venture opportunities, multinational auto giants hope to enjoy the domestic market dividend as much as possible in the future, and to win the future market requires a new strategic choice.
However, some insiders pointed out that it is debatable to realize the strategy of strengthening the country by car and renewing the joint venture. At the beginning, Japan and South Korea also took the route of introducing technology. After 30 years, Japan will not renew it, and will firmly follow its own path; South Korea will tear it down halfway through the contract. When the Chinese car enterprise joint venture expired, it was renewed for another 20 or 30 years, and several factories were approved. This obviously violated the original intention of the market to change technology. For China's own brands, it will bring great harm.
When the stock is more comprehensive, when it comes to the historical fork, the debate on how to choose the direction will start to be fierce. The recent comparison of whether the automobile-enterprise joint stock ratio is released is also true. According to the current automobile industry policy, the proportion of Chinese shares in Chinese and foreign joint ventures of automobile vehicles must not be less than 50%. However, the red line that runs through the 30-year joint venture history of Chinese automobiles has begun to show signs of loosening.
On February 10, Dong Yang, secretary general of the China Automobile Association, reiterated that the China Automobile Association resolutely opposed the expansion of the joint stock ratio. Just eight days later, Li Shufu, chairman of Geely Holding Group, expressed his hope that the joint stock ratio will be released as soon as possible. On the same day, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology made a clear statement on the joint venture stocks for the first time. The auto joint stock ratio will be further liberalized, and the relevant departments are carrying out a new round of deployment.
In fact, this debate on whether the joint-stock ratio needs to be liberalized is related to the more proactive open strategy proposed by the central government. The Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee held in mid-November last year emphasized that investment access should be relaxed. More than 10 days later, Shen Danyang, a spokesperson for the Ministry of Commerce, immediately said that he would further liberalize foreign investment restrictions in the general manufacturing sectors such as steel, chemicals and automobiles. This sentence was immediately interpreted by the industry as the automobile joint venture, the Chinese party's share of the share of not less than 50% is about to be released.
In reality, the red line has begun to blur. BAIC Group and Daimler signed a comprehensive cooperation agreement in November last year, clarifying that Daimler will acquire a 12% stake in BAIC and a 49% stake in the restructured joint venture Beijing Benz. So far, Daimler actually holds The equity of Beijing Benz has exceeded 50%, becoming the first case for the auto industry to relax restrictions on foreign investment.
If the equity is allowed to be liberalized, the joint venture parties will decide the proportion of equity according to each other's wishes. If the competition is comprehensive strength, will it evolve into a new pattern of foreign sole proprietorship or holding? The insiders analyzed that the final result may not necessarily be the one-sidedness of the Chinese side. "The Chinese and foreign stocks will have a dispute." With the restrictions on foreign investment in the auto industry, the general trend, when to let go, how to let go, and how Chinese auto companies should respond to such major changes have gradually been put on the agenda.
A number of signals have emerged. The new era of joint ventures has come with the wheel of history. Judging from the interests of both parties, the new round of automobile joint ventures has sent a different signal than it did 30 years ago.
For a long time, although the Chinese market is the largest market in the world, the key positions of the joint venture companies are generally led by foreigners. Today, multinational auto companies are strengthening the localization of talents. Chinese localized talents have gradually emerged and become joint ventures and even foreign brands. The mainstay of the mainstay became the first strong signal after the opening of the new round of joint venture.
Different from the "arrogance and prejudice" when participating in the "market-for-technology" joint venture model formulated by China 30 years ago, multinational corporations began to lay down their bodies in the new wave of joint ventures and actively sought to create new joint ventures.
In the early years, when Mercedes-Benz negotiated a heavy-duty joint venture with FAW Group, it refused to allow the existence of the “liberation†brand. In the future cooperation agreement with Foton Motor, Mercedes-Benz agreed that the two parties will satisfy the Chinese market and export demand with Foton Auman products. . In addition, with the eagerness of overseas car companies to the Chinese market, many overseas car companies often marry a Chinese car company, and the value of the China Automobile Group has doubled.
With the rise of China's own brands, multinational giants are increasingly aware that they must negotiate on the basis of a truly equal voice. Chinese car companies have also taken a new stance and attitude in the new round of joint ventures. A senior executive of Great Wall Motor said: "Great Wall Motor does not rule out joint ventures with foreign companies, but insists on joint development and joint production with foreign parties on the basis of independent intellectual property rights. This is the bottom line of joint ventures." Chery also released words, A joint venture can be “make me the mainstayâ€.
In addition, unlike the previous joint ventures, the goal of domestic car companies looking for joint venture partners is clearer and more rational. Most of them are to increase their strength by external forces and quickly make up for the shortcomings and expand the scale. For example, Geely has added a lot of color to its brand through the acquisition of Volvo. BYD has also increased its reputation through cooperation with Mercedes-Benz in the field of electric vehicles.
Right now, the second spring drama of the automobile joint venture is on the stage. What is certain is that no matter how different the new round of joint ventures is compared with 30 years ago, both parties to the joint venture must adjust their strategies in time to face the challenges and the Chinese market will be even more competitive. fierce.
A Barge is a flat-bottomed boat, built mainly for river and canal transport of heavy goods. Some barges are not self-propelled and need to be towed or pushed by towboats. Canal barges, towed by draft animals on an adjacent towpath, contended with the railway in the early Industrial Revolution, but were outcompeted in the carriage of high-value items due to the higher speed, falling costs and route flexibility of railways.
Photo of our Barge:
Type of the barge
There are many kinds of barge.
1. by use of points
The main passenger barge and cargo barge.
Passenger barge, special passenger transport, with living facilities, generally used for the river passenger.
Barge, used to carry goods, according to the goods can be divided into dry cargo barge, Sand Barge, barge, coal barges, Deck Barge. The general cargo barge without Lifting Equipment, loading and unloading of cargo handling machinery on the docks. Cargo can also be used for goods in transit port.
2. structure form
Open deck barge: aka open barge, with several hatch hatch barge; only one cargo holds, above all open;
The deck barge: no cargo on deck, cargo, deck is arranged around a pile of blocked goods coaming;
Deck barge deck stowage, deck cargo are arranged around the hatch coaming;
Tank barge: a container, such as a tank, is set up on the deck to ship oil, liquefied gas, etc..
3. according to the material points
Steel barge, wooden barge, cement barge. According to the ship, mainly general barge and barge.
General barge pendulous cut was streamlined, with anchor and rudder. The barge are in box (full barge), or one end and the other end is tapered box (semi integrated barge). China of ancient vessel (also known as the two ships) can be regarded as the prototype of the modern semi integrated barge fleet consisting of. It consists of two sections of the same length of the ship, the anterior bow end inclined cut, and the tail end is a square box, after the bow end is of a square box shape, and the tail end of the oblique cut, two ship box end mutual of rope, cable connection. Rudder is located in the rear section of the ship. Modern segmented barge generally do not set the rudder, the barge set anchor, China and some countries in Western Europe segmented barge set anchor. Integrated barge has the advantages of simple structure, convenient construction, low cost and with articulated barge fleet composition, reduce the sailing resistance and improve the carrying capacity, so the barge has been widely used. The United States has 3 kinds of commonly used barge, load and their scale is based on the standard to determine the scale of inland waterway. There are also a lot of barge built according to standard scale in inland waters of our country.
Barge
Split Hopper Barge,Sand Barge,Pontoon Barge,Self Propelled Barge
Unisite Group Ltd. , http://www.shipsparts.nl