Method Fankou lead zinc ore mainly used are extents mechanization shallow hole mining method to the layering, to the extent of mechanization in deep hole filling method stratification, phase hewing drilling phase method (VCR Method) . The VCR method has the advantages of safe construction and high blasting efficiency, but this method has certain requirements for the inclination of the ore body (for tilting to steep tilt); the construction period is long, the upper chamber is high in anchorage cost; the blasthole construction quality is high, especially It is a blast hole in the trough area. In the case of a patio, since the distance from the turret closest to the patio is only 0.8 to 1.0 m from the patio, it is easy to penetrate the patio; and in the absence of a patio, the minimum distance between the hole and the hole For 0.5m, the construction is easy to cause perforation; the blasting vibration is large, the damage to the surrounding ore and filling body is large, the depletion loss is difficult to control, and the large block yield rate is high.
Therefore, in view of the above problems, it is necessary to optimize the VCR method and the caving process in combination with the existing equipment of the mine.
1 Mining existing mining technology and troughing method
The VCR method of Fankou lead-zinc mine is generally arranged in the thick ore body with regular production. The stope is arranged in a vertical direction. The components of the stope are: 40m high in the middle section, the length of the stope is generally the thickness of the ore body, and the length of the stope is wide. It is 8~10m, the height is 25~40m, the column is 20~30m, the bottom column is 8m high, the bottom layer is high, the mining approach is 3.4m×3.4m, and the upper rock chamber is about 4m high. The rock drilling adopts the down-the-hole drilling rig , the diameter of the blasthole is Φ165mm, the hole spacing is 2.6~2.8m, the row spacing is 2.8~3.0m, the hole spacing and the row spacing of the grooved area are 2.0m, and the emulsified frying is adopted. Medicine, artificial lifting. The blasting method has developed from a single layered blasting to a variety of combinations. One is a single-layer globular blasting. This is a typical VCR blasting method. Each blasting stratifies, from bottom to top, and the second is spherical. Combined blasting, in the same blasting, the spheroidal drug pack is used to cut the groove, and the rest is subjected to lateral collapse of the columnar drug pack; the third is the columnar multilayer charge lateral collapse, and the cutting groove is preliminarily pulled at one end of the stope as free Face, then carry out multiple layers of lateral collapse, using a 2m2 or 3m2 scraper to mine, and the last time after filling.
The existing troughing method of the mine is mainly formed by the upper rock drilling chamber of the construction stop, and the submerged hole drilling is used to form the lower blasting.
The construction sequence is generally the upper part of the ventilated patio, the lower part of the diverticulum, the ventilated patio, the lower chamber, the lower chamber, the upper chamber, the upper chamber (all upper chambers need to be anchored), the upper chamber (upper chamber) The required air height of the diverticulum is 3.5m to meet the construction requirements of the YT-100 down-the-hole drill. → Use the down-the-hole drilling to construct the downward blasthole. When there is a patio for the trough, the hole in the trough is 1.0-1.6m from the edge of the patio, the hole in the side explosion is 2.0-2.2m, and the hole diameter is 110mm. Using a diamond-shaped groove, four large holes with a diameter of Φ165mm are used as compensation space in the groove area, the hole spacing is 0.5-0.7m, and the spacing of the other groove holes is 1.0-1.3m. The distance is 2.0~2.2m, and the aperture is Φ110mm. The side hole of the mining site is arranged on the two control lines of the stope, and the side hole of the inter-column stop is arranged 1.2m away from the filling body.
According to the above process, in the whole blasting process, the personnel are charged in the upper chamber of the anchor net support, and the safety is good. However, each time the blasting is to sweep the hole, block the hole, fill the sand or the bamboo tube is intermittently charged, the workload is large. And the quality of the blasthole construction is high. If the quality is not good, it will easily cause a large block, which will cause a blast. Especially in the stope with a height of more than 30m, the drilling accuracy is more difficult to control, the vibration of the blasting has a greater impact on the surrounding environment, the damage to the surrounding ore and the filling body is large, the loss of depletion is difficult to control, and the rate of large block is high.
2 joint trough lateral collapse technology plan
According to the mining technology and the troughing method, the key to the success of the VCR method is the formation of the cutting trough and the collapse effect.
In order to overcome the shortcomings of the existing troughing methods, etc., the upper diverticulum drilling rig is used for drilling the upper and middle deep hole blasting and the lower diverting chamber drilling boring machine is used to drill the lower blasting blasting joint groove and side. The technical plan for the collapse of the mine, the specific scheme is shown in Figure 1.
The order of operation is to first construct the lower chamber with the excavation trolley, the height is 3.5m, which is the working height of the drilling rig, and the width is within 5m; then the construction of the patio, the cutting trough, and then the construction of the drilling trough with the drilling rig Drilling hole inclined from 70° to 80°, with a hole diameter of 51-64mm and a hole pitch of 1.4-1.8m; with a cutting groove or directly using a patio as a free surface, the blasting height is 6-8m, with a remote control shovel After the operation, the upper chamber is supported and supported; in the upper chamber, the trough area is lowered to the blasthole; the trough is divided into the trough and the roof is broken; the lower chamber is retracted and laterally collapsed, and the upper part is collapsed. The blastholes in the side collapse area of ​​the diverticulum construction, lateral collapse, and the remote control scraper are still used for the mining, and the personnel stand outside the safety line.
In addition, in the VCR blasting stope with a height of not more than 25m, it is possible to try to construct the upper chamber of the trough area to 3.5m high, and use the YT-100 type submerged hole to drill the blasthole to ensure the construction of the blasthole in the trough area. Accuracy; the upper chamber of the lateral collapse area only needs to be constructed with a height of 2.8m to meet the construction height of the simple column-type down-the-hole drilling rig, so as to further reduce the construction amount of the diverticulum and reduce the construction difficulty.
3 conclusions
The efficiency of the YT-100 type DTH drill used for drilling the deep hole in the Fankou lead-zinc mine is about 45m/set and the efficiency of the trolley is about 90m/set. The number of blastholes in the slotting area of ​​the test stop is 50, the average height is 5m, a total of 250m blasthole length, and the down-the-hole rig requires at least 5 shifts. According to the parameters of the blasting hole network of the upward drilling rig, 1.4m×1.4m, 90 blastholes need to be constructed. The length of a single blasthole is 5m, the total length is 450m, and 5 shifts are required.
However, the lower chamber has the deepest blasthole, and the drilling efficiency and accuracy of the downhole drilling cannot be compared with the drilling rig. In addition, according to the field test statistics, the VCR mining blasting block yield rate is about 10%, while the large-scale drilling rig car production rate is about 2%. In this way, the large secondary blasting time of the blasting of the rock drilling rig is much less than that of the VCR mining.
It can be seen that the use of rock drilling rigs to participate in the lower chamber trough and lateral collapse blasting of the VCR mining site can take advantage of the flexibility of the trolley, high drilling efficiency, good drilling precision control and low difficulty in charging. The effect of blasting vibration is small, the bulk rate is low, and the ore rock can be separated and separated. After the trolley is pulled in the lower part and laterally collapsed, the depth of drilling from the upper chamber is also reduced accordingly, which reduces the total footage of the downhole drilling and can also reduce the slope of the drilling, which can greatly reduce the large Block generation rate. In addition, the number of pulling grooves can be reduced, the workload of sweeping holes and plugging holes can be reduced, the difficulty of blasting organization can be reduced, and the progress of the stope field can be accelerated.
references:
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[2] Jie Shijun. Metal mining underground deposits [M]. Beijing: Metallurgical Industry Press, 2008.
[3] Shi Xiuzhi, Qiu Xianyang, et al. Fankou lead-zinc mine without bottom pillar deep hole receding collapse ore filling mining method [J]. Mining Technology, 2011, 11(4): 11-12.
[4] Chen Yumin, Xu Dingping. FLAC/FLAC3D Foundation and Engineering Examples [M]. Beijing: China Water Resources and Hydropower Press, 2008.
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Source: Mining Technology: 2016, 16(2);
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