Copper ore body in Langyashan small-scale, decentralized distribution, high value, the filling mining method of choice for the mine tailings to stratification. With the deepening of mining and the structural adjustment of the production system, the re-recognition and research of existing filling systems are very urgent. Through the investigation of the filling system, the surface filling station and the underground filling path are researched, improved and transformed to meet the filling requirements of deep mining to ensure the effective continuation of mine production.
1 filling system status survey
1.1 Filling System Overview
Zhangzhou Tongxin Mining Co., Ltd. has a unique geographical location, and the filling mining method is the first choice for mining. According to the preliminary design requirements, the mining method is the upper layered tailings filling mining method, and the top column and some surrounding rock complex ore bodies are filled with cement. The mining depth is about 400m, but the ore body shape of the Lushan copper mine is complex, the ore body is small, and the ore body is distributed along the contact zone. Two sets of filling systems are installed to adapt to the ore body change, one is the Ming Patio. The filling system (secondary wellhead) and the other is the north belt (wooden warehouse) filling system. Each filling system is provided with a tailings and concrete filling system, and a cement filling system is provided in the bright patio. The graded tailings and cement are all self-flowing pipelines, and the filling process is relatively mature.
The Ming Patio Filling System is mainly responsible for the filling work of the 817 line above the middle section of the 365m to the east of the mining area. The system is mainly composed of 3 pipelines (ç ¼ pipeline, sand filling pipeline, cement filling pipeline), 3 pipeline Through the bright patio down to the middle section of the underground.
The north belt (wooden warehouse) filling system is mainly responsible for the filling work of the 817 line above the middle section of the 365m to the north of the mining area. The system is mainly composed of 4 pipelines (ç ¼ pipeline, sand filling pipeline and spare pipeline through Φ159mm drill). 3 holes are drilled down to the middle section of -65m, and the other pipeline is drilled directly to the middle section of -125m, and then through the contact patio of each middle section to the middle section of the north belt. The tailings filling capacity is about 300m3/d, and the filling system is shown in Figure 1.
1.2 tailings filling system
1.2.1 Storage and preparation of surface tailings
The tailings of the plant are sent to the Shantou sand storage tank of 814 line +95m elevation (about +90m at the bottom of the pool), and the mud is graded by two sets of cyclone classifiers. The +37μs tailings enters 3 volumes with a volume of about 4000m3. Sand storage pool. When the sand is filled in the well, the high-pressure water is used for artificial pulping in the sand pool. The ratio of sand to water in the pulping concentration is 2:3 to 1:1, that is, the sand accounts for 40% to 50%.
The gate on the bottom side of the pool is placed in a steel pipe of Φ150mm, and is transported by gravity to a 811 line (auxiliary wellhead) under the bright patio to the middle section of the middle section of the middle section and the north section of the 17th line; the other pipeline is filled with the north belt. The system uses a special filling hole with a casing, and goes down to the north of the 817 line north of each middle section. The tailing sand filling capacity is 40~50m3/h, the tailings filling filling line is up to 10, and the tailings filling filling process is shown in Fig. 2. The annual output of tailings in the mine is about 75,000 m3. The mine tailings storage capacity is limited, so the annual sand filling capacity is about 75,000 m3.
1.2.2 Ming Patio Tailings Filling System
The 814 line +95m elevation of the mountain head sand pool came to the sand, through the pipeline over the surface of the hill to the Ming Patio down to -65m middle section, then down to the middle section of -125m and -185m, to the middle of -185m, after a long distance of about 270m The inverted patio between the -812 line and the 813 line, that is, the east with the filling system position, and then down to the middle of -245, -285, -325m. In the middle section of the system, except for the middle section of the -65m, there is no tailings pipeline to the east, and the other middle sections have three-way pipelines leading to the east belt and north to the stop near the 817 line. The tailings filling line of the system can reach up to 10.
1.2.3 Northern tailings filling system
The 814 line +95m elevation of the mountain head sand storage tank is sanded, and the pipe is about 730m long and Φ150mm steel pipe is transported to the north through the surface of the second dam near the surface to the west side of the original timber bank near the line 819 and 820. The casing in the borehole of the surface construction to the middle section of -65m is first transported to the middle section of -65m, then reaches the middle section of -125m through the pipeline in the courtyard between -65 ~ -125m, and passes through the middle section to the north by about 250m long. The pipeline is transported to the north belt filling system between the -822 line and the 823 line, and is connected to the middle sections of -245, -285, -325m through the mid-displacement patio here.
The northern tailings filling system mainly performs tailings filling service for the stope in the middle section of the north of Line 817. The tailings filling line of this system is up to 8.
There are two types of sand filling pipes: 6 inch (159mm) steel pipe and vertical sand filling hole. The horizontal sand filling pipe is only installed to the middle section of -245m, and the lower part is inserted into the stope by two ways: First, the filling well is installed to fill the pipe. The stope; the second is that the filling hole reaches the middle section and then enters the horizontal pipeline to enter the stope. The sand-filled pipe in the stope is a plastic pipe, and a water filter tower is arranged in the stope.
1.3 concrete filling system
There are two concrete filling systems, one is the concrete filling system of Ming Patio, the concrete mixing station is set on the ground, and the concrete is conveyed to a middle section above -185m through a separate pipe (Φ159mm steel pipe) in the bright patio. The middle section below -185m is transported by the middle section of the filling well, and the flat roadway is transported by the mine car. The Ming Patio concrete filling system mainly supplies the stope in the west zone of the deposit and the east zone. The other is the north belt (wooden warehouse) concrete filling system located between the main well hillside -819 line and 820 line. There is a mixing station here. The concrete, like the tailings, is also placed in the middle section of -125m by special drilling holes. It is transported to the middle section through the inverted section of the filling well pipe between the middle sections.
The concrete strength of mine underground is generally not lower than C15, and the ratio of C15 concrete is 32.5MPa cement (t): medium sand (m3): gravel particle size (<31.5mm): water (m3)=0.271: 0.499:0.884:0.190; C20 concrete ratio is 32.5MPa cement (t): medium sand (m3): crushed stone particle size (<31.5mm): water (m3)=0.352 : 0.402: 0.930: 0.190.
1.3.1 Ming Patio Concrete Filling System
Ming Patio concrete filling system, concrete mixing station on the ground, concrete is transported to the middle section of -125m through a separate pipe (Φ159mm steel pipe) in the bright patio, then transported to the middle section of -185m through the misplaced patio, and then passed through the 0.7m3 mine car through about 270m Long distance, transported to the east belt filling system between the -812 line and the 813 line, and then to the middle of -245, -285, -325m.
In addition to the need to use the mine car to transport a longer distance in the middle section of -185m, the transportation between the other intermediate sections is mainly realized by gravity self-slip transport. The specific location of each wellbore is the same as the tailings filling system. The Ming Patio concrete filling system mainly provides concrete filling services for the stope in the middle section of the south and east belts of the 817 line. The concrete required for each stope is mainly at the concrete receiving port of the upper part of the stope, and is transported to the middle of the working point or the upper part of the stophole by the 0.7m3 mine car.
1.3.2 North Belt Concrete Filling System
The north belt (wooden warehouse) concrete filling system is located between the 819 line and the 820 line on the mountain side of the main shaft. There is a mixing station here. The specific location is the same as the position of the tailings filling system in the north. The concrete is also drilled down by special drilling. In the middle section of 125m, it is transported through the misplaced patio to the middle section below the middle section of -125m. The misplaced patio is connected to the middle sections of -185, -245, -285, -325m, where the four mid-spans are offset by about 5m.
The north belt concrete filling system mainly provides concrete filling services for the stope in the middle section of the north of the 817 line. The concrete between the middle sections basically enters the lower middle section through the self-slip or inverted section, and is fed in the middle of the special filling wells in the middle section, and transported to the middle working point or the upper part of the stophole by the 0.7m3 mine car.
1.4 cement filling system
The cement filling system is mainly installed in the Ming Patio, and the top of the 34# old clam is a temporary cement filling station. The cementing system consists primarily of a pulping system and a conveyor system.
1.4.1 pulping system
The pulping system facility is located at the Ming Patio Filling Station, which consists of a 300m3 sand bunker and a 100t cement ash silo, a mixing tank and watering equipment, and a tailings cementing station that controls the concentration of the pulp.
1.4.2 conveyor system
Firstly, it is transported to the middle section of -65, -125, -185m through a special pipeline (Φ108mm steel pipe) set in the bright patio. The use between the middle sections is adjusted by the plug at the pipe joint of the pipeline intersection, and the cement is transported to each. After the middle section, it is transported to the filling location through the Φ108mm steel pipe or rubber pipe system. The middle section of -185m is filled with the cement in the middle section of -245m. It is generally used to recover the top column. The deepest pillar recovery is currently in the middle section of -285. #采场.
1.4.3 Cement composition
At present, the coagulant of the cement body is 425# bulk cement, and the solidified material is tailings. The tailings concentration can be arbitrarily adjusted as needed within the saturation concentration range. After the tailings consolidation material is added, the transport concentration is not greater than the saturation concentration, and the lime-sand ratio can be adjusted according to the strength of the filling body required for the well, generally 1:4 to 1:10. The transport concentration is not more than 75%, and the ratio of lime to sand is not higher than 1:4. Through the self-flowing to the filling slurry of the stope, it starts to solidify after proper dehydration, and can start work after 48 hours. The cementing filling line is 2-10. The strength of the cement is up to 5 MPa.
2 filling system transformation plan
2.1 Problems with existing filling systems
The original filling process is mature and suitable for mine production. However, as the mining intensity increases and extends deeper, there are also many shortcomings, mainly in the following aspects:
(1) Two sets of filling systems, the operation is non-standardized, the operation is arbitrary, the management is difficult, and the operation and pipeline maintenance costs are high.
(2) Filling the pipe network with multiple vertical extensions and long horizontal extension (downhole and uphole sand filling, concrete and cement pipe), the inspection workload of the filling pipeline before each filling is large, and the pipe flushing after the cement filling is completed The pollution of the underground roadway is serious, the pipeline wears seriously, and the maintenance amount is large.
(3) Downhole filling pipelines mainly include: filling boreholes, steel pipes and hoses. The hose is mainly used in the stope. The middle part is filled with drilled holes. The roadway basically uses rigid pipes. Although the pipes are replaced every year, the wear is serious, and the welding quality of the flanges (joints) is poor. Serious, underground roadway pollution, silt siltation, water silo dredging frequently.
(4) The surface filling pipeline is mainly a rigid sand-filled pipeline. The mine is located in the Lushan Scenic Area. The layout of the surface sand-filled pipeline is restricted by the urban environment (the Ming-Ping sand-filled pipeline), the pipeline layout is unreasonable, the pipeline buffer section is short, and the bridge is crossed. It is perpendicular to the axial line of the sand-filled pipeline, and the sand-filling wear is large, and the leakage is serious, which affects the external image and long-term development of the enterprise.
(5) The east and north belt filling systems are far apart (800-1000m), and the concrete in the wellbore is caused by the long-term pipeline wear caused by long-term pipeline wear in the shaft wellbore between -65m middle section and -125m middle section of the two filling systems. More, the maintenance space in the wellbore is small, and once the filling pipeline has problems, the maintenance time is longer. The Ming Patio Filling System (East Belt Filling System) and the North Belt Filling System can not compensate and balance each other, and have a restrictive effect on the overall production balance of the mine. (In September this year, due to the blockage of the North Belt filling system, the North Belt Stope could not be filled. ).
(6) The position of the Ming Patio Cementation Filling System is relatively far away from the end of the middle and upper sections of the -285 middle section, and the filling line is larger, and the distal end of the cement is difficult to transport. The main form of mine filling is one charge and one mining, and the dewatering of the stope is slower, which affects the production process and increases the secondary depletion.
(7) With the advancement of urban construction and the planning of mine theme parks, landfill filling stations may be requisitioned, and the environment of surface filling stations and surrounding scenic spots is not coordinated. Noise and transportation dust pollution affect the rest and life of surrounding residents.
2.2 Filling and transformation plan and implementation
(1) Option 1. Retain the North Belt (wooden warehouse) filling system, and shift the Ming Patio Filling System to between -814 and 815 (the north side of the old well) (called the deep filling system), first construct 5 to 6 holes from the surface and After the steel pipe is used to the middle section of -185m, the tailings, cement and concrete are laid down to the middle section of -185m, the concrete mine car is transported to the original -185m middle section of the east and north belt filling system, and the middle section is used to measure the well to the deep In the middle section, then the upper part of the middle section is used to transport the mine car to the filling well ash tank of the use stop; the tailings and cement body are connected to the original filling pipeline by the pipeline, and pass through the middle section of the well or the casing with the engineering hole. Fill the pipe network into the middle part of the deep part, and then enter the road to be filled by the pipeline in the filling well.
(2) Option 2. The existing filling system is retained and the filling network (surface and downhole) is fully modified and integrated. The filling pipe with wear-resistant material (first installed on the surface, the surface pipe is basically fixed for branching), and the underground filling pipe network is integrated and the upper middle section is extended by increasing the filling of the roadway and the filling hole. Locally change the axial direction of the pipeline, improve the wear resistance of the pipeline, and replace and adjust the pipeline and flange parts in the underground. Mainly through enhanced management to increase filling capacity and reduce downhole pollution. Strengthen supervision at key post points (mountain sand pool, cyclone, tailings pond) to improve the standardization operation level.
(3) Option 3. Step by step, retain the existing surface filling station, between the -814 line and the 815 line (the north side of the old well), first construct 5 to 6 holes from the surface and use the steel pipe down to the middle section of -185m as the sand filling pipe And the underground sand filling pipe network is connected. The concrete and cement are still filled with the original pipe. In addition, the sand filled pipe in the shaft can be changed to a concrete pipe as a concrete backup pipe.
Through the program comparison and argumentation, combined with the current economic strength of the mine, the final option III is selected. After more than a year of renovation, the initial renovation of the mine filling system has basically ended.
3 conclusions
There are two main aspects to improve the filling production capacity: First, strengthen management, improve the capacity and filling quality of existing systems, strengthen management in key positions (Shantou tailings pond, cyclone, tailings pond), and operate in strict accordance with standardization. . The second is to carry out the transformation of the filling pipe network or the filling system in the production process to improve the system operation capability.
Through the research and transformation of the filling system, the filling capacity of the filling system is greatly improved, and the tailings discharge is reduced, which has taken a strategic support for the sustainable development of the mine.
references:
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[2] Editorial Board of the Mining Manual. Mining Manual (Vol. IV) [M]. Beijing: Metallurgy Industry Press, 1990.
[3] Zhou Aimin. Theory and technology of underground mining of difficult mining beds [M]. Beijing: Metallurgical Industry Press, 2015.
[4] Wang Xinmin. Deep well mine filling theory and pipeline transportation technology [M]. Changsha: Central South University Press, 2010.
[5] Guo Mingming. Study tailing Peak iron ore Filling System Design [J]. Mining Research and Development, 2015, 35(2): 9-12.
[6] Zhang Lixin. Discussion on mining method and filling process of Lilou Iron Mine [J]. Mining Research and Development, 2012, 32(1): 1-3, 11.
     Source: Mining Technology: 2016.16(1);
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