Features hard mineral stone structure was tiny crystals. It is difficult to separate them by physical and physicochemical beneficiation methods, resulting in a large loss of industrial minerals. The close symbiosis of minerals complicates the beneficiation process, so non-industrial minerals and harmful minerals are separated into concentrates and valuable minerals are lost to the tailings. Many research directions have focused on determining the relationship between mineral floatability and its physicochemical properties.
Currently, large-scale mining in the Altai region (Trask rubles Niyazov, Nikolaevsk and Mareyev Gdansk deposit) of non-ferrous metal ore raw material base of balance sheet reserves, about 80% of the reserves difficult ores, it is proposed Develop a process that ensures the comprehensive utilization of natural resources.
It was decided to use the ore of the largest Mareyevsk deposit that began production in 2000 as the main target of the study. Production practices have shown that the beneficiation process used in the mine is not effective. It should be noted that initially when Mareyev Gdansk mining and ore processing installation process developed, the ore is divided into two types of industry: polymetallic ores of copper and zinc ores. According to the research results of the Russian Institute of Nonferrous Metals Mining and Metallurgy, the following conclusions are drawn: copper-zinc ore and polymetallic ore must be treated separately, and the boundary between the two types of ore is determined to be based on the lead content of ore in the ore.
In the first two years of the treatment of the Mareyevsk ore, the recovery rate and grade of concentrate metal obtained from beneficiation differed from the design requirements. In order to solve this problem, a laboratory study was conducted on the material composition of the Mareyevsk ore.
The characteristic parameter of the metamorphic ore is a high magnetic susceptibility, and the presence of magnetic minerals in the ore determines its anomalous magnetic characteristics. The following comprehensive study was conducted in consideration of the above factors. The magnetic separation of the zinc concentrate with high copper content separates 10 different components in the magnetic field generated by the different current intensities of the magnetic separator coil.
Tests have shown that the magnetic component contains 70% chalcopyrite and 3% to 5% sphalerite. The chalcopyrite particles are monomeric and do not contain any inclusions, but chalcopyrite has a high magnetization coefficient. The optical properties of magnetic chalcopyrite are no different from ordinary chalcopyrite. In the magnetic separation of particles chalcopyrite and pyrrhotite fine inclusions such a magnetic direction chalcopyrite mineral was found.
In order to study this factor, the magnetic change of chalcopyrite during heating was measured. The test was carried out with copper concentrate obtained from the treatment of the Mareyevsk polymetallic ore. The calcination temperature is 200 to 400 °C.
The test results show that the magnetization coefficient of chalcopyrite increases with the increase of calcination temperature (see Table 1). Microscopic observations indicate that the heated chalcopyrite did not form new minerals.
Table 1 Changes in the physical properties of chalcopyrite under heating conditions
Thus, by increasing the mineral magnetization coefficient of the metamorphic ore zone, the ore containing the magnetic chalcopyrite can be separated and treated separately. Therefore, the standard process closed-circuit test was carried out in the laboratory of the company of Jiliangovsk, and the flotation of the ore was pre-magnetically selected, and then the non-magnetic products were subjected to closed-circuit flotation test according to the standard process and process system (Fig. 1). .
Figure 1 Principle process for processing polymetallic ore
The polymetallic ore sample collected from the Mareyevsk mine is characterized by a relatively high magnetization coefficient of 517·10 - 3 and a metal content of the sample (%): Zn1.31, Pb1.93, Cu2.17 and Fe18. 92, phase analysis results: zinc oxide 0.32%, zinc sulfide 10.99%; lead oxide and refractory lead 0.16%, lead sulfide 1.77%; copper oxide and secondary copper 0.12%, copper sulfide 2.05%. Rock-forming mineral component (%): SiO 2 8.54, Fe 2 O 3 31.75, CaO 3.66, MgO 2.08, BaO 8.25 and Al 2 O 3 2.56. Samples leachate pH7.8, which contains (mg / L): 468.9Ca 2 +, 56.4Mg 2 +, 783.9SO 2 - 4,0.15Zn 2 +, 0.02Pb 2 + and 0.14Cu 2 +.
In the closed-circuit test of metamorphic ore with high magnetic susceptibility, the ore of flotation operation is magnetically selected to separate a magnetic product with a yield of 2.825%. When the non-magnetic products are floated according to the standard process and process system, the flotation process index can be improved, and the zinc, lead and copper recovery rates of the same name products are increased by 2.77%, 0.97% and 1.56%, respectively. The quality of the concentrate also increased accordingly: zinc grade increased by 1.50%, lead increased by 0.79% and copper increased by 1.82%. In particular, the copper content in zinc concentrates has dropped from 1.97% to 0.65%. Therefore, it can be sent directly to the consumer. The closed-circuit flotation test metal balance table is shown in Table 2.
Table 2 Closed-circuit flotation test results
The handling of magnetic products has become an open question when using this process. The magnetically selected product was mixed into the zinc concentrate to obtain zinc concentrate (%) of the following composition: 48.87 Zn, 0.67 Pb, 1.36 Cu, and 9.81 Fe. Consumers accept both the zinc grade and the iron content of this zinc concentrate.
Another way to handle this magnetic product is to use acid leaching. The test was carried out with a 100 g sample. Leaching under certain conditions, then filtering the slurry and chemically analyzing the leaching residue and solution (Fig. 2).
Figure 2 Relationship between zinc (1) and copper (2) recovery and leaching conditions in magnetic products
It can be clearly seen from the graph that when the magnetic product obtained from the MALeevsk polymetallic ore is acid leached, the sulfuric acid consumption is 90 kg/t, the -74 μm particle size is 95%, the leaching time is 6 h, and the leaching temperature is At 90 ° C, a satisfactory indicator can be obtained.
These parameters are the basis for the validation test (Figure 3) of the leached magnetic product to obtain the final product.
Figure 3 Process for processing magnetic process products
Pulping in a flotation machine (mixer), pouring the necessary amount of water or circulating solution, adding 500 g of dry magnetic product, and stirring for 5 min. Until a uniform slurry is obtained. 90 kg/t of sulfuric acid was added. The slurry is then transferred to a two-slot flotation machine. After being immersed in air for 6 hours, concentrated and filtered, the solid phase was discharged as a discarded tailings. The overflow and solution after acidification in the stirred tank are combined and fed to the next batch of magnetic product leaching operations. The solution is fed to the hydroxide precipitation operation based on the degree of accumulation of the non-ferrous metal ions.
Table 3 Laboratory test metal balance results for processing magnetic products
The metal ions are enriched due to the circulation of the leachate. It is unreasonable to circulate the leachate more than 5 times because this will cause more metal to be lost to the filtrate.
The solution obtained by leaching the magnetic product is processed in the following order:
1. Precipitate the magnetic product with slaked lime to leach the metal in the solution. The slaked lime consumption is 10-12 kg/m 3 , the temperature is 20 ° C, and the leaching solution pH is 8. 9 . The solution is filtered and returned to the beginning of the process.
2. The hydroxide cake is leached with sulfuric acid for 1 h. The liquid-solid ratio of the leaching is (2~3):1, the leaching temperature is 60-65 °C, and the final pH of the solution is 2.-3. Zinc and copper enter the solution. Part of the iron enters the filter cake. The filtered solution is sequentially introduced into the copper and zinc precipitation operation, and the iron-calcium filter cake is combined with the flotation tailings.
3. Displace copper from the solution for 30 min at 30 ° C with an iron bar. The filtered solution is fed to a zinc precipitation operation.
4. Add anhydrous sodium carbonate to pH 810-815 at 20 ° C to precipitate zinc for 1 h.
The technical indicators obtained for processing magnetic products are shown in Table 3.
Laboratory studies have shown that there are magnetic chalcopyrite variants in metamorphic ores. A process for joint treatment of this ore was developed. The process involves pre-magnetic separation of the flotation ore and then leaching the magnetic product with sulfuric acid. This process can effectively treat metamorphic ore, increasing the zinc, lead and copper recovery rates of the same-name commercial concentrate by 5.4%, 1.5% and 12.5, respectively.
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