In recent years, chemical companies in foreign countries have seen an active trend in their technological licensing. Due to tight budgets for research and development, more and more chemical companies are considering increasing their ability to innovate through technology licensing or buying from other companies. Some companies have started to readjust their R&D projects, and have strengthened their intellectual property protection through authorization. The latest publication of the US "Chemical Weekly" pointed out that today's technology purchase has become an important means for many companies to accelerate technological development, especially in the emerging fields of nanotechnology and biotechnology. This trend should attract the attention of the domestic chemical industry. The Dutch company DSM recently restructured its business in charge of process licensing in order to strengthen intellectual property management and increase sales revenue. The newly established DSM authorized management center will also seek authorization opportunities in addition to the external authorization business. Responsible for the entire DSM technical buy. The relevant person in charge of the company stated that the market for technology licensing is changing, and now chemical companies have realized that intellectual property rights are becoming the core of profitability, and the use of technology licensing can accelerate the development of innovative technologies. The goal of DSM's authorized management center is to double or even triple the number of authorized products and processes in 3 to 5 years. The current major licensing processes include caprolactam, melamine, phenol, and urea. Nine Sigma, a four-year technology resources intermediary company, said that chemical companies are generally more interested in introducing new technologies to solve the technical problems of manufacturers. According to the company's introduction, it is possible to send requests for technical solutions from customers to 3,000 different invention organizations. It is usually possible to contact customers within 6 to 8 weeks to find an invention organization that can provide solutions. U.S. Air Products has used NineSig?ma's web-based cooperating system for six months. The company hopes to increase sales revenue through intellectual property management. The Huntsman Corporation of the United States is also working hard to achieve the benefits of intellectual property, and announced last week that it has established an agency specializing in the licensing of patent technology, responsible for the company's maleic anhydride, MDI, specialty polypropylene, titanium dioxide and other process technologies. External authorization. Univation Technologies Inc., a 50/50 joint venture between ExxonMobil Chemical and Dow Chemical, said it will expand its external licensing of its polyethylene process through traditional sales channels. The focus of traditional petrochemical licensors has now shifted to Asia and the Middle East, as the new petrochemical projects in Asia and the Middle East are more concentrated. UOP recently signed an agreement with the Heydar Aliyev refinery in Baku, Azerbaijan, to provide alkylation process technology for the production of high-octane gasoline. This is the first industrial application of UOP's solid acid alkylation process, and is scheduled to start production in 2008. Dow Chemical's revenue in intellectual property management has grown rapidly. According to the Vice President of Dow Technology Licensing, which has process technologies such as bisphenol A, purified terephthalic acid and polypropylene, the Dow Chemical process licensing revenue doubled in 2004, which not only can be a bright spot for the company's profit, but also Become a powerful tool for developing relationships between companies.
ASME B16.5 Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings: NPS 1/2 through NPS 24 Metric/Inch Standard covers pressure-temperature ratings, materials, dimensions, tolerances, marking, testing, and methods of designating openings for pipe flanges and flanged fittings. Included are:
(1) flanges with rating class designations 150, 300, 400, 600, 900, and 1500 in sizes NPS 1/2 through NPS 24 and flanges with rating class designation 2500 in sizes NPS 1/2 through NPS 12, with requirements given in both metric and U.S. Customary units with diameter of bolts and flange bolt holes expressed in inch units;
(2) flanged fittings with rating class designation 150 and 300 in sizes NPS 1/2 through NPS 24, with requirements given in both metric and U.S. Customary units with diameter of bolts and flange bolt holes expressed in inch units;
(3) flanged fittings with rating class designation 400, 600, 900, and 1500 in sizes NPS 1/2 through NPS 24 and flanged fittings with rating class designation 2500 in sizes NPS 1/2 through NPS 12 that are acknowledged in Non-Mandatory Appendix E in which only U.S. Customary units are provided.
B16.5 is limited to flanges and flanged fittings made from cast or forged materials, and Blind Flanges and certain reducing flanges made from cast, forged, or plate materials. Also included in this Standard are requirements and recommendations regarding flange bolting, flange gaskets, and flange joints.
This Standard is to be used in conjunction with equipment described in other volumes of the ASME B16 Series of Standards as well as with other ASME standards, such as the Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code and the B31 Piping Codes.
Careful application of these B16 Standards will help users to comply with applicable regulations within their jurisdictions, while achieving the operational, cost and safety benefits to be gained from the many industry best-practices detailed within these volumes.
Intended for manufacturers, owners, employers, users and others concerned with the specification, buying, maintenance, training and safe use of valves with pressure equipment, plus all potential governing entities.
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