This article summarizes why the lighting switch must be connected to the fire line, how to install the single-phase three-hole socket is correct, why the plastic insulated wire is strictly prohibited directly buried in the wall and other 12 weak electrical security tips. Do you know that? Let's take a look with Xiaobian:
1. Why should the lighting switch be connected to the fire line? If the lighting switch is installed on the zero line, although the light is not bright when disconnected, the phase line of the lamp head is still turned on, and people think that the light is not bright, it is mistakenly considered to be in a power-off state. In fact, the ground voltage at each point on the luminaire is still a dangerous voltage of 220 volts. If people touch these actually charged parts when the lights are off, it will cause an electric shock. Therefore, the switches of various lighting switches or single-phase small-capacity electrical equipment can only be secured if they are connected in series on the fire line.
2. How to install a single-phase three-hole socket? why?
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Generally, single-phase electrical equipment, especially mobile electrical equipment, should use a three-pin plug and a three-hole socket. There is a special protective zero (ground) jack on the three-hole socket. When using zero-connection protection, some people often connect the hole-connecting pile head directly to the zero wire that is introduced into the socket in the bottom of the socket. This is Extremely dangerous. Because if the neutral line of the power supply is disconnected, or the fire (phase) line and the neutral line of the power supply are reversed, the metal parts such as the outer casing will also carry the same voltage as the power supply, which will result in electric shock.
Therefore, the dedicated grounding jack for wiring should be connected to a dedicated protective grounding wire. When using zero-connection protection, the zero line should be specifically drawn from the power supply terminal, and should not be used near the zero line of the socket.
3. Why is it not strictly buried in the wall?
(1) After long-term use of plastic insulated wires, the plastic will age and crack, and the insulation level will be greatly reduced. When the line is short-time overload or short-circuit, it is easier to accelerate the insulation damage.
(2) Once the wall is wet, it will cause large-area leakage and endanger personal safety.
(3) Plastic insulated wires are directly buried in the dark, which is not conducive to line maintenance and maintenance.
4. Why use a leakage protector?
Leakage protector, also known as leakage protection switch, is a new type of electrical safety device whose main purposes are:
(1) Prevent electric shock accidents caused by electrical equipment and electrical line leakage.
(2) Prevent single-phase electric shock accidents during power usage.
(3) Cut off the single-phase ground fault in the operation of electrical equipment in time to prevent electrical fire accidents caused by electric leakage.
(4) With the improvement of people's living standards, the number of household appliances is increasing. In the process of using electricity, personal electric shock and fire accidents caused by defects in electrical equipment itself, improper use and safety technical measures, give people's lives. And the property has brought undue losses, and the appearance of leakage protectors provides reliable and effective technical means for preventing the occurrence of various accidents, cutting off the power supply in time, protecting equipment and personal safety.
5. What is the main reason for an electric shock accident?
Statistics show that the main causes of electric shock accidents are as follows:
(1) Lack of electrical safety knowledge, fly a kite near the high-voltage line, climb the high-voltage pole and smash the bird's nest; after the low-voltage overhead line is broken, do not stop using the hand to pick up the fire line; the night-time electrified wiring hand touches the charged body; Rubber cover knife brake.
(2) Violation of the operating procedures, with the connection of electrical lines or electrical equipment without taking the necessary safety measures; touching the damaged equipment or wires; accidentally charging the live equipment; charging the lighting fixtures; charging the electric tools; charging mobile electrical equipment; Wet hand twisting the bulb and so on.
(3) The equipment is unqualified, the safety distance is not enough; the grounding resistance of the two-line one ground system is too large; the grounding wire is unqualified or the grounding wire is disconnected; the insulating damage wire is externally.
(4) The equipment is out of repair, the wind blown line or the scraping pole is not repaired in time; the bakelite damage of the rubber cover knife gate is not changed in time; the motor wire is damaged, so that the outer casing is charged for a long time; the porcelain bottle is broken, so that the phase line and the pull wire are short-circuited. The device housing is live.
(5) For other accidental reasons, walking at night touches the live conductor that has fallen off the ground.
6. What ambulance measures should be taken when an electric shock occurs?
In the event of an electric shock, while ensuring the safety of the rescuer, you must first try to get the electric shocker out of the power supply quickly, and then carry out the following repair work.
(1) Untie tight clothing that prevents the person from breathing.
(2) Check the mouth of the electric shocker and clean the mucus in the mouth. If there is a denture, remove it.
(3) Immediately carry out the rescue on the spot, such as breathing stop, use mouth-to-mouth artificial respiration to rescue, if the heart stops beating or irregular vibration, artificial chest extrusion method can be used to rescue. It must not be interrupted without cause.
If a second person is present in addition to the rescuer, the following work should be carried out immediately:
1) Provide tools and equipment for first aid.
2) Dismiss the on-site staff.
3) Keep the site adequately lit and keep the air flowing.
4) Report to the leader and ask the doctor to come to the rescue.
Experimental studies and statistics show that 90% of the treatment can be saved if treatment is started 1 minute after the electric shock; if rescue is started 6 minutes after the electric shock, only 10% of the rescue opportunities will be available; and 12 minutes after the electric shock, the rescue will be started. The possibility of saving is extremely small. Therefore, when someone is found to have an electric shock, they should race against time and adopt all possible methods.
7. What are the measures for household safety?
With the popularization and application of household appliances, it is of utmost importance to correctly grasp the knowledge of safe electricity use and ensure the safety of electricity use.
(1) Do not buy "three no" fake and shoddy household products.
(2) When using home appliances, there should be a complete and reliable power cord plug. Grounding protection is required for household appliances in metal enclosures.
(3) Switches and fuses cannot be installed on the ground and neutral lines. Do not connect the ground wire to the tap water or gas pipe.
(4) Do not touch live equipment with wet hands. Do not wipe the live equipment with a damp cloth.
(5) Do not pull the wires randomly, do not move the live equipment.
(6) When inspecting and repairing household appliances, the power must be disconnected first.
(7) When the power cord of the household appliance is damaged, replace it immediately or wrap it with insulating cloth.
(8) When a household appliance or electric wire is in a fire, the power should be disconnected before the fire is extinguished.
8. How to prevent burning of household appliances?
The commonly used household appliances are rated at 220 volts and the normal supply voltage is around 220 volts. When the power supply line is instantaneously increased due to natural disasters such as lightning strikes, the three-phase load unbalanced household line is in disrepair, the voltage is increased due to the phase voltage rise caused by human error wiring, etc. This will increase the current and cause the household appliance to burn out due to overheating. To prevent burning of household appliances, we must start from the following aspects: First, the electrical equipment should be disconnected from the power supply when not in use; second, the old and damaged repair line should be replaced; third, the over-voltage protection leakage switch should be installed.
9. How to choose the fuse for households?
The fuses used by households should be selected according to the size of the electricity used. If using a meter with a capacity of 5 amps, the fuse should be greater than 6 amps and less than 10 amps; if using a meter with a capacity of 10 amps, the fuse should be greater than 12 amps and less than 20 amps, that is, the fuse used should be 1.2 volts of the meter capacity. 2 times. The selected fuse should be one that meets the requirements, and cannot be used in combination with a small-capacity fuse, and it is not allowed to use a copper wire instead of a fuse.
10. What are the basic requirements for the leakage protector?
Technically, the following requirements should be met:
(1) The sensitivity of the electric shock protection should be correct and reasonable. Generally, the starting current should be within the range of 15~30 mA.
(2) The operating time of the electric shock protection should not be greater than 0.1 second under normal circumstances.
(3) The protector should be equipped with the necessary monitoring equipment to prevent loss of protection when the operating state changes. For voltage-type electric shock protectors, a neutral-grounded device should be installed.
11. How to prevent electrical fire accidents? What should I do after a fire?
First of all, when installing electrical equipment, quality must be guaranteed and the requirements for safety and fire protection should be met. To use qualified electrical equipment, broken switches, lamp caps, and broken wires cannot be used. The connectors of the wires should be firmly connected according to the specified connection method and wrapped with insulating tape. Tighten the screws to the wiring pile heads and terminals to prevent poor contact due to loose wiring. After the electrician installs the equipment, it does not mean that it can be used once and for all. During the use of the user, if the lamp head and socket wiring are loose (especially the wiring of the mobile electrical plug is easy to loose), the contact is poor or there is overheating, and the electrician should be dealt with in time. .
Secondly, do not place oily, cotton, wood chips, wood and other dyeable items near low-voltage lines and switches, sockets, and fuses.
Before the electric fire, there is a kind of precursor. It is necessary to pay special attention to it. That is, the electric wire will burn the insulating outer skin first due to overheating, and it will emit an unpleasant smell of burning rubber and burning plastic. Therefore, when smelling this smell, you should first think of it may be caused by electrical reasons. If you can't find other reasons, you should immediately turn off the power and shut down the power until the cause is found. After proper handling, the power can be turned on.
In the event of a fire, whether it is caused by electrical or not, you must first find a way to quickly cut off the power supply within the fire. Because if the fire is caused by electrical problems, the power supply is cut off, and the fire source is cut off. If the fire is not caused by electrical electricity, the insulation of the wire will be burnt. If the power is not cut off, the burnt wire will cause Short-circuiting the line, causing a wider range of wires to catch fire. In the event of an electrical fire, cover soil, sand or fire extinguishers should be used, but foam fire extinguishers should never be used, so the fire extinguishing agent is electrically conductive.
12, household safety electricity common sense
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(1) Each household must have some necessary electrical appliances, such as electroscopes, screwdrivers, rubber tongs, etc., and must also have fuses and fuses of various specifications suitable for the use of household appliances.
(2) The total insurance must be installed before each household electric meter. The total knife switch and leakage protection switch should be installed after the meter.
(3) In any case, it is strictly forbidden to use copper or iron wire instead of fuse. The size of the fuse must match the capacity used. When replacing the fuse, remove the porcelain cover and replace it. Do not directly connect the fuse in the porcelain box. Do not replace the fuse under the condition of charging (the knife is not opened).
(4) After the fuse or the leakage switch is blown, the cause must be checked before the switching power supply can be closed. Under no circumstances should the wire be used to short-circuit the fuse or press the leakage switch tripping mechanism for forced power transmission.
(5) When purchasing household appliances, you should carefully check whether the technical parameters (such as frequency, voltage, etc.) of the product manual meet the local power requirements. It is necessary to know whether the power consumption and the existing power supply capacity of the home meet the requirements, especially whether the wiring capacity, plugs, sockets, fuses, and electric meters meet the requirements.
(6) When the household power distribution equipment cannot meet the capacity requirements of the household appliances, it should be replaced and modified, and it is strictly forbidden to use it. Otherwise overload operation can damage electrical equipment and may cause electrical fires.
(7) The purchase of household appliances should also understand its insulation properties: whether it is general insulation, reinforced insulation or double insulation. If it is grounded for leakage protection, the grounding wire is essential. Even for reinforced or double insulated electrical equipment, it is beneficial to protect the ground or protect the zero.
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