Chromium stainless steel smelting, heat steel, alloy tool steel, alloy steel and alloying elements important types of cast iron. With the development of the national economy, more stainless steel, internal heat and high-strength steel are needed, and the consumption of chromium alloys is also rapidly increasing. China's chrome ore resources are in short supply, large-scale rich ore is small, small ore grades are low, poor and mixed, and large-scale mining is economically unreasonable and cannot be fully utilized. Some domestic manufacturers have done industrial tests for the direct alloying of chrome ore reduction. The average reduction rate of chrome ore is 90%, but the chrome ore used is imported chrome ore and chrome concentrate. Due to resource constraints, it is difficult to meet the needs of large industrial production. Most of the chrome ore is imported, resulting in tight supply of chrome and high prices.
In order to make full use of the limited chromium ore resources and reduce the production cost of steel, the low-grade chromium ore produced by Urad Zhongqi, Inner Mongolia, was used to conduct experimental research on direct reduction alloying of chromium ore. Laboratory and semi-industrial tests have proved that chromium Direct reduction alloying of ore is feasible. It can replace high-carbon ferrochrome for steel making, with fast response, economical and reasonable yield. In the industrial test of smelting 35CrMo steel on a 3t electric arc furnace, the yield of chromium in chrome ore is 89.6%~96.7%, with an average of 92.92%.
1. The recovery rate of chromium in chrome ore is 89.6%-96.77%, with an average of 92.92%.
2. After reducing the chrome ore into the furnace for about 25 minutes, it has been better restored, and does not extend the steelmaking smelting time.
3. Steelmaking with reduced chromium alloying agent, the carbon content in steel is basically consistent with the use of high carbon ferrochrome. Therefore, it can be used instead of high carbon ferrochrome.
4. The production process of reducing chromium alloy agent is simple, the technology is easy to master, the productivity is high, the working condition can be improved, and the environmental pollution caused by smelting ferrochrome is avoided.
5. The use of the reduced chromium alloy agent to smelt 35CrMo steel can reduce the cost per ton of steel and have significant economic benefits.
6, can increase the total recovery of chromium by about 10%, to solve the problem of the use of cheap chrome ore in the mine.
Cobalt-based alloy powders are commonly used in plasma transfer arc welding (PTAW) due to their excellent high-temperature properties and resistance to wear and corrosion. These alloys are typically composed of cobalt as the base metal, with various alloying elements such as chromium, tungsten, nickel, and carbon added to enhance specific properties.
The use of cobalt-based alloy powders in PTAW offers several advantages, including:
1. High-temperature strength: Cobalt-based alloys exhibit excellent strength and resistance to deformation at elevated temperatures, making them suitable for welding applications that involve high heat.
2. Wear resistance: These alloys have a high hardness and resistance to wear, making them ideal for welding applications where the welded parts are subjected to abrasive or erosive conditions.
3. Corrosion resistance: Cobalt-based alloys offer good resistance to corrosion, making them suitable for welding applications in aggressive environments, such as those involving chemicals or saltwater.
4. Thermal conductivity: Cobalt-based alloys have good thermal conductivity, allowing for efficient heat transfer during welding and reducing the risk of heat-affected zone (HAZ) defects.
5. Compatibility with other materials: Cobalt-based alloys can be easily welded to a wide range of base metals, including stainless steels, nickel alloys, and other cobalt-based alloys, providing versatility in welding applications.
To use cobalt-based alloy powders for PTAW, the powder is typically fed into the plasma arc using a powder feeder. The powder is then melted by the high-temperature plasma arc and deposited onto the workpiece, forming a weld bead. The specific welding parameters, such as arc current, travel speed, and powder feed rate, will depend on the specific alloy and application requirements.
It is important to note that the selection of the cobalt-based alloy powder should be based on the specific welding application and the desired properties of the final weld. Different cobalt-based a
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