(1) The floatability of copper minerals
1. Chalcopyrite CuFeS2, containing Cu 34.57%. Porphyry copper deposit.
Collector : low-grade xanthate, black medicine.
Mechanism: chemical adsorption, with copper ions to form copper xanthate; physical adsorption, adsorption of Fe3+ ion surface in the form of double xanthate.
Inhibitors: CN-, NaCN, kCN, k4[Fe(CN)6], k3[Fe(CN)6], all used in alkaline media. H2O2 and NaClO reduce their floatability by peroxidation and are used in acidic media.
Activator: CuSO4.
2. The floatability of the copper ore and copper (belonging to the secondary copper deposit)
Copper ore Cu2S: Containing 79.83% of Cu, the best floatability is natural.
Tonglan CuS: Containing Cu 64.4%, natural floatability is very good.
Collector: low-grade xanthate, black medicine, PH value 1~13.
The mechanism is the same as above.
Inhibitors: Na2OS3, Na2S2O3, k4[Fe(CN)6], k3[Fe(CN)6], Na2S, all used in an alkaline medium.
Cyanide suppression is poor.
Characteristics: These two minerals are all brittle, the grinding is easy to mud, the solubility is relatively large, the recovery rate is low, the [Cu2+] ion content in the pulp is high, which makes the inhibition difficult and easily activates other minerals. The flotation selectivity is poor.
3. The copper-bearing Cu5FeS4 has a Cu content of 63.3%, and the floatability is between the above two minerals (1) and (2).
The collector is the same as above, and the PH value is 5~10.
Inhibitor: CN-, lime is used in alkaline media.
General law: (1) Where iron minerals are not contained, the floatability is similar, and CN- and lime inhibit them weakly.
(2) For iron-containing minerals, CN- and lime can inhibit their floatability in alkaline media.
(3) The higher the copper content, the better the floatability.
(2) The floatability of lead minerals
A representative mineral is galena. PbS contains 86.6% Pb, crystallized in cubic crystal, and has good natural floatability.
Collector:
1, PH value <9.5 low grade xanthate. The PH value is best between 7 and 8, and the pH is adjusted with Na2CO3.
2. The PH value is between 9.5 and 10.5 with high-grade xanthate.
3, PH value > 10.5 rear lead ore is subject to certain inhibition.
The collection mechanism is chemical adsorption, and the product is lead xanthate.
Inhibitor: Knox reagent (K2CrO4 + KCrO2), Na2S, CaO. Activation after inhibition: Knox reagent inhibition is activated with NaCl in HCl or acidic medium, which is activated with CuSO4 in an acidic medium.
CN-no inhibition. (except when iron is included).
(3) Sphalerite ZnS with a Zn content of 67.10%.
Natural floatability is weaker than both 1 and 2.
Collector: After activation with Cu2+, it is harvested with xanthate. If not activated, the xanthate is ineffective.
Characteristics: Fe and Cd are often mixed with the same type. Causes a decrease in floatability, making suppression easier. Among them, Cd needs to be recycled, and currently Cd is derived from the recovery from sphalerite.
(4) The floatability of iron sulfide minerals
1. The floatability of pyrite
FeS2, containing S 53.4%.
It has a certain natural hydrophobicity, but it is not sufficient, and its surface is properly oxidized to facilitate the collection of xanthate. Excessive oxidation can reduce buoyancy.
Collector: In the weakly acidic medium, use yellow medicine to collect.
Mechanism: Electrochemical adsorption mechanism. The xanthate is first oxidized into a double xanthate. The lone pair of electrons in the xanthate are combined with the empty orbital of Fe2+ ions, and the xanthate is adsorbed on the mineral surface by lone pair electrons.
Inhibitor: lime, cyanide.
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