CNC machining, as the main basic technology of manufacturing technology, has made great progress with the development of manufacturing technology in the late 20th century, and has entered into the development of high-speed cutting, the development of new cutting processes and processing methods, and the provision of complete sets of technologies. The new stage of development. It is the main processing technology in the important industrial sectors of the manufacturing industry, such as the automotive industry, aerospace industry, energy industry, military industry and the emerging mold and electronics industries, and it is also an important factor in the rapid development of these industrial sectors. Therefore, the United States, Germany, Japan and other countries with developed manufacturing industries have maintained a momentum of rapid development. Metal cutting tools as an essential supporting technology and equipment of CNC machine tools, driven by the NC machining technology, entered the development stage of the "CNC cutter", showing "three high and one special" (ie, high efficiency, high precision, high reliability Sexuality and specialization).
Obviously, at the beginning of the 21st century, although the near net forming technology and the stack forming technology are very promising new technologies, the status of the cutting process as the main basic process of manufacturing technology will not change. From the current development trend of the manufacturing industry, it can be seen that the dual challenges posed by the development of the manufacturing industry and the advancement of human society in cutting processing are the major trends in the development of cutting and machining technology in the early 21st century.
High-speed cutting will become a new process
New cutting processes such as dry cutting and hard cutting represented by high-speed cutting have shown many advantages and strong vitality, and have become the main way for manufacturing technology to improve processing efficiency and quality and reduce costs.
Therefore, the development of new cutting technologies such as high-speed cutting to promote the development of manufacturing technology is a new task facing modern cutting technology. Today's high-speed cutting is not a small increase in cutting speed. It is a major advancement in technology, including CNC machine tools, tool materials, coatings, tool structures, etc., that must be based on comprehensive advances in manufacturing technology and further innovations to achieve cutting speeds and advancements. To double the speed, the overall machining efficiency of the manufacturing industry can be significantly improved. The practicalization of the current high-speed cutting level has improved the overall cutting efficiency of machining in China by 1 to 2 times, and has narrowed the gap with the industrialized countries. It is the goal of the professionals engaged in cutting and cutting tool technology in the new century and is facing Major challenges.
Hard cutting is an application field of high-speed cutting technology, that is, the use of single-edged or multi-edged tool machining hardened parts, it is more efficient than traditional grinding, flexible, simple technology, less investment, etc., has been in some applications The field produces better results. In the automotive industry, the inner hole of 20Crmo5 hardened gear (60hrc) is machined with cbn tools instead of grinding, and the surface roughness can reach 0.22μm, which has become a new technology popularized by the automotive industry at home and abroad.
Innovative processing technology
For a long time, difficult-to-machine materials such as austenitic stainless steels, high-manganese steels, hardened steels, composite materials, and wear-resistant cast iron have been the problems in cutting processing. The cutting efficiency is low and the tool life is short. With the development of the manufacturing industry, the use of these materials will increase rapidly in the 21st century, and the contradiction in processing will become more prominent. At the same time, the material composition of the product will continue to be optimized, and new engineering materials will continue to emerge. The adoption of each new type of material places new demands on the cutting process. For example, in the automotive industry where machining is relatively concentrated, the proportion of silicon-aluminum alloy in the engine and transmission components continues to increase, and magnesium alloys and new high-strength cast irons have begun to be introduced to reduce vehicle weight and save energy. For example, in the aerospace industry, the application ratio and processing difficulty of difficult-to-machine materials such as titanium alloys, nickel-base alloys, and super-heat-resistant alloys and ceramics will also increase. The ability to efficiently process these materials is directly related to the development speed of China's automobile, aerospace, energy and other important industrial sectors and the overall level of the manufacturing industry. It is the biggest challenge for cutting technology. We must start exploring from now on in order to fundamentally solve the century-old difficulties brought about by the extensive use of difficult-to-process materials and the diversification of their performance, innovate processing techniques, and develop new “blade†and processing methods including lasers.
Meet the needs of the manufacturing industry
After entering the 21st century, the trend of product diversification and individuation is further aggravated, and the manufacturing product renewal speed will be greatly accelerated. The development of each new product means a major change in the function, structure, and material of the part. It is also a task for the development of the cutting process, as is well known as the screw pump, constant velocity joint, and bottom centering flower. Key, electronic industrial printed circuit boards and other products, all reflect the results of cutting technology and cutting tools. In the future, as product renewal speeds up, it will pose new challenges for cutting and processing. Not only that, the current use of the flexibility of cutting and the results of modern cutting and cutting tool technology, innovative parts processing methods, showing less investment, large output, quick results. As shown in the car engine and transmission production line newly built in the 1990s, the overall solid carbide drilling process for cylinder bores, the high-speed diamond milling process for cylinder heads, and the drum pull for synchronizer gears Cutting processes and other new processing technologies have shortened the tact time of new production lines, improved product quality, reduced investment, and fully demonstrated the great potential of cutting processing. Under this background, the demand for cutting and processing new technologies and new products in the manufacturing industry will reach an unprecedented height. This is both a challenge to cutting technology and a challenge to the old system of the cutting industry in China.
Obviously, at the beginning of the 21st century, although the near net forming technology and the stack forming technology are very promising new technologies, the status of the cutting process as the main basic process of manufacturing technology will not change. From the current development trend of the manufacturing industry, it can be seen that the dual challenges posed by the development of the manufacturing industry and the advancement of human society in cutting processing are the major trends in the development of cutting and machining technology in the early 21st century.
High-speed cutting will become a new process
New cutting processes such as dry cutting and hard cutting represented by high-speed cutting have shown many advantages and strong vitality, and have become the main way for manufacturing technology to improve processing efficiency and quality and reduce costs.
Therefore, the development of new cutting technologies such as high-speed cutting to promote the development of manufacturing technology is a new task facing modern cutting technology. Today's high-speed cutting is not a small increase in cutting speed. It is a major advancement in technology, including CNC machine tools, tool materials, coatings, tool structures, etc., that must be based on comprehensive advances in manufacturing technology and further innovations to achieve cutting speeds and advancements. To double the speed, the overall machining efficiency of the manufacturing industry can be significantly improved. The practicalization of the current high-speed cutting level has improved the overall cutting efficiency of machining in China by 1 to 2 times, and has narrowed the gap with the industrialized countries. It is the goal of the professionals engaged in cutting and cutting tool technology in the new century and is facing Major challenges.
Hard cutting is an application field of high-speed cutting technology, that is, the use of single-edged or multi-edged tool machining hardened parts, it is more efficient than traditional grinding, flexible, simple technology, less investment, etc., has been in some applications The field produces better results. In the automotive industry, the inner hole of 20Crmo5 hardened gear (60hrc) is machined with cbn tools instead of grinding, and the surface roughness can reach 0.22μm, which has become a new technology popularized by the automotive industry at home and abroad.
Innovative processing technology
For a long time, difficult-to-machine materials such as austenitic stainless steels, high-manganese steels, hardened steels, composite materials, and wear-resistant cast iron have been the problems in cutting processing. The cutting efficiency is low and the tool life is short. With the development of the manufacturing industry, the use of these materials will increase rapidly in the 21st century, and the contradiction in processing will become more prominent. At the same time, the material composition of the product will continue to be optimized, and new engineering materials will continue to emerge. The adoption of each new type of material places new demands on the cutting process. For example, in the automotive industry where machining is relatively concentrated, the proportion of silicon-aluminum alloy in the engine and transmission components continues to increase, and magnesium alloys and new high-strength cast irons have begun to be introduced to reduce vehicle weight and save energy. For example, in the aerospace industry, the application ratio and processing difficulty of difficult-to-machine materials such as titanium alloys, nickel-base alloys, and super-heat-resistant alloys and ceramics will also increase. The ability to efficiently process these materials is directly related to the development speed of China's automobile, aerospace, energy and other important industrial sectors and the overall level of the manufacturing industry. It is the biggest challenge for cutting technology. We must start exploring from now on in order to fundamentally solve the century-old difficulties brought about by the extensive use of difficult-to-process materials and the diversification of their performance, innovate processing techniques, and develop new “blade†and processing methods including lasers.
Meet the needs of the manufacturing industry
After entering the 21st century, the trend of product diversification and individuation is further aggravated, and the manufacturing product renewal speed will be greatly accelerated. The development of each new product means a major change in the function, structure, and material of the part. It is also a task for the development of the cutting process, as is well known as the screw pump, constant velocity joint, and bottom centering flower. Key, electronic industrial printed circuit boards and other products, all reflect the results of cutting technology and cutting tools. In the future, as product renewal speeds up, it will pose new challenges for cutting and processing. Not only that, the current use of the flexibility of cutting and the results of modern cutting and cutting tool technology, innovative parts processing methods, showing less investment, large output, quick results. As shown in the car engine and transmission production line newly built in the 1990s, the overall solid carbide drilling process for cylinder bores, the high-speed diamond milling process for cylinder heads, and the drum pull for synchronizer gears Cutting processes and other new processing technologies have shortened the tact time of new production lines, improved product quality, reduced investment, and fully demonstrated the great potential of cutting processing. Under this background, the demand for cutting and processing new technologies and new products in the manufacturing industry will reach an unprecedented height. This is both a challenge to cutting technology and a challenge to the old system of the cutting industry in China.